Skip to main content

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.

Why do we remember? And, for that matter, what is remembering? Placed between body and mind, the phenomenon of memory simultaneously involves biological, psychological, semiotic, and metaphysical elements. Memory’s place at the heart of... more
Why do we remember? And, for that matter, what is remembering? Placed between body and mind, the phenomenon of memory simultaneously involves biological, psychological, semiotic, and metaphysical elements. Memory’s place at the heart of our understanding of ourselves is why many of the greatest philosophers of all the time have dealt with the problem – or, better, have had to deal with it. Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Descartes, Locke, Kant, Hegel, Bergson, Russell, and Wittgenstein, are just a few among many who have proffered explanations. While all such proposals have been deficient in their own ways, each has advanced our understanding of the myriad phenomena associated with memory. With recent developments in phenomenology, analytic philosophy, and the empirical sciences interest in memory has intensified. In the 20th century, philosophers were particularly interested in identifying its causes, the ontology of mnemonic traces, the mechanisms of recall, and its epistemic characteristics. Moreover, as philosophy has directed its sight towards social objects and structures, questions involving memory have developed political and social dimensions as well – extending the debate to collective memory. What are the mechanisms of intersubjective memorization and recall of information, ideas, and representations? What are the ethical dimensions and consequences of public memory?
Scopo di questo numero è quello di interrogarci sull’importanza che l’emotional turn riveste nella filosofia politica contemporanea. Il compito che si pone oggi allo storico del pensiero, in effetti, è quello di comprendere le ragioni per... more
Scopo di questo numero è quello di interrogarci sull’importanza che l’emotional turn riveste nella filosofia politica contemporanea. Il compito che si pone oggi allo storico del pensiero, in effetti, è quello di comprendere le ragioni per cui, nell’epoca del capitalismo globalizzato, la freddezza del calcolo statistico che regge il governo neoliberale abbia progressivamente dato adito a una rinnovata attenzione nei confronti della componente passionale della condizione umana. Dal successo popolare riscosso dalle differenti speculazioni sull’«intelligenza emotiva», intesa come alternativa alla moderna razionalità strumentale, sino ai recenti sviluppi delle neuroscienze, che sottolineano sempre più il ruolo dell’affettività nella formazione della coscienza e della soggettività, le emozioni si sono trasformate nell’oggetto privilegiato di un ampio spettro di discipline. La filosofia politica ha risentito di questo fenomeno con la stessa intensità sia nelle sue posizioni tradizionalmente liberali sia in quelle più radicali, volte a sollecitare criticamente l’eredità illuministica e democratica.
The history of Henri Bergson’s (1859-1941) philosophy is one of the most complex and problematic of the 20th century. Bergson gained increasing popularity over the course of his life and career, to the point of becoming the French... more
The history of Henri Bergson’s (1859-1941) philosophy is one of the most complex and problematic of the 20th century. Bergson gained increasing popularity over the course of his life and career, to the point of becoming the French philosopher par excellence. His works – from the 1889 Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness to his last works from the 1930s – exercised a crucial influence on a wide range of fields in 20th-century French and European culture. Significant traces of his thought are to be found not just in subsequent philosophy, but also in the spheres of literature, psychology, science, epistemology, art, and theology. While the popularity of this French philosopher gradually declined after the 1930s, recent decades have witnessed a renewed interest – if not a genuine resurgence – in Bergsonian studies.

The recent revival in Bergsonian studies has been fuelled by an important critical edition project, led by Frédéric Worms. The most important stage was completed in 2011 with the republication of Bergson’s eight major works and the Écrits philosophiques. To these, two previously unpublished landmark texts have recently been added: the two courses Histoire de l’idée de temps and L’évolution du problème de la liberté, which were held at the Collège de France in 1902/1903 and 1904/1905 respectively. Péguy entrusted two stenographers with transcribing the lectures when he could not attend the courses himself. The transcriptions from the two courses were then donated to the Fonds Doucet in 1997, and finally edited respectively by Camille Riquier and Arnaud François for “Presses Universitaires de France”, which in coming years will carry on the publication of other previously unpublished texts from the same collection.

These publications lend a new voice to the philosopher through the famous lectures that so greatly contributed to his ‘glory’. Their content was hitherto completely unknown to 21st-century readers, with the exception of the brief summaries provided in the Mélanges and the few, partial transcriptions published in “Annales bergsoniennes” – some of which have already been translated into Italian (Storia della memoria e storia della metafisica, ETS 2007; Sul segno. Lezioni del 1902-1903 sulla storia dell’idea di tempo, Textus 2011).
Celebrare la rivoluzione d’Ottobre implica, in qualche modo, seguirne il filo rosso per fare i conti con le costellazioni che si sono formate in seguito a questo evento. Il suo centenario è l’occasione per raccoglierne l’eredità e... more
Celebrare la rivoluzione d’Ottobre implica, in qualche modo, seguirne il filo rosso per fare i conti con le costellazioni che si sono formate in seguito a questo evento. Il suo centenario è l’occasione per raccoglierne l’eredità e interrogare, ancora una volta, la trama degli eventi storici, delle promesse e dei fallimenti del Novecento. La rivoluzione d’ottobre è un evento storico epocale, ma anche un mito collettivo che la cultura visuale ha nutrito. Se i raggi della stella della rivoluzione si sono propagati lungo tutto il secolo scorso, le sue scintille dalla Russia hanno raggiunto le lotte di liberazione anti-coloniali nelle periferie del mondo e continuano, ancora oggi, ad esercitare una forte influenza. Il 1917 è uno spartiacque fondamentale della contemporaneità e la rivoluzione è stata la prima sfida aperta alla forma di produzione capitalistica, che ha veicolato un mutamento politico della sovranità, della struttura sociale e del rapporto di forza tra classi. La grande mobilitazione bolscevica che segna il 1917 è una storia di resistenza che ha condotto all’emancipazione delle masse contadine e dei rapporti di genere, al rifiuto dell’imperialismo guerrafondaio e alla sperimentazione di forme dirette di democrazia. E se da un lato la rivoluzione va ricollocata all’interno della storia della Russia e alla fine di un impero, dall’altro lato è utile spezzare quella linea di continuità che fa dello stalinismo il suo telos necessario. Questo numero de Lo Sguardo si fa carico di un’esigenza profonda che è quella di ripensare la rivoluzione da un punto di vista scientifico e filosofico, facendo i conti con un’eredità difficile ma anche con un certo imbarazzo o una velata diffidenza attuale che è la misura del nostro rapporto con l’esperienza socialista, ma in particolare con il leninismo prima e lo stalinismo poi.
Research Interests:
Russian Studies, Russian Literature, Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Marxism, and 40 more
Il termine ‘postumanesimo’ è stato usato per la prima volta nel senso critico che è entrato poi nel linguaggio comune da Ihab Hassan nel 1977. Nei suoi quasi quattro decenni di vita la teoria del postumano ha subito non poche evoluzioni,... more
Il termine ‘postumanesimo’ è stato usato per la prima volta nel senso critico che è entrato poi nel linguaggio comune da Ihab Hassan nel 1977. Nei suoi quasi quattro decenni di vita la teoria del postumano ha subito non poche evoluzioni, trasformazioni e raffinamenti, non da ultimo perché questo concetto non designa un campo teorico omogeneo e compatto, ma è piuttosto un ‘discorso’ nel senso foucauldiano del termine, una molteplicità di filoni diversi, eterogenei e frammentati, tenuti insieme da un’idea portante: la convinzione che il vecchio umanesimo sia ormai finito. Questo numero de «Lo Sguardo» si propone di fare una sorta di bilancio degli ultimi quattro decenni per analizzare i limiti e confini del concetto di postumano. Il filo conduttore del numero è quindi la domanda: che cosa è ancora vivo e attuale, oggi, nella questione del postumano? Quali sono i filoni e le tendenze che si sono progressivamente esauriti, e quali invece sono passati in primo piano? Come si sono evolute le domande, e soprattutto le risposte, alla questione del postumano?
La questione della tecnologia, e cioè dell’ibridazione tra umano e macchina, è ancora per molti il tratto più ‘appariscente’ del postumano, sia per la cultura popolare, sia per il senso comune all’interno dell’accademia; e tuttavia il trionfalismo di certo postumanesimo – e soprattutto delle sue derive transumaniste – ha alienato non pochi studiosi, a partire proprio da una delle ‘madri’ della teoria postumana, Donna Haraway. Resta il fatto che i livelli di intimità e intrusione della tecnologia nell’umano sono, semmai, enormemente cresciuti dai tempi del Manifesto Cyborg, come anche le resistenze a essi, e questo continua a sollevare inesauribili questioni ontologiche, etiche ed estetiche.
Una questione che ha invece assunto sempre più centralità è quella dell’‘animale’, tanto da imprimere una vera e propria ‘svolta’ – il cosiddetto animal turn – all’interno delle scienze umane. L’interdisciplinarità (o multidisciplinarità) che caratterizzava la ricerca sul postumano in senso spiccatamente tecnologico, orientandola primariamente verso le scienze hard (in particolare la cibernetica), si è aperta quindi anche a discipline come la biologia evoluzionistica e l’etologia, dove il post del postumano viene dunque a segnalare anche il superamento (o il progressivo sgretolarsi) della dicotomia umano/animale.
Jean Baudrillard è stato forse l’ultimo grande outsider del pensiero francese – ed europeo – della seconda metà del XX secolo. Sprofondati negli interstizi delle discipline accademiche tradizionali (sociologia, antropologia, semiologia,... more
Jean Baudrillard è stato forse l’ultimo grande outsider del pensiero francese – ed europeo – della seconda metà del XX secolo. Sprofondati negli interstizi delle discipline accademiche tradizionali (sociologia, antropologia, semiologia, architettura e, nonostante il disdegno di buona parte del Gotha speculativo, filosofia), i suoi testi hanno scandito la riflessione sul mondo contemporaneo, suscitando quasi sempre moti di adesione viscerale o di sprezzante snobismo – segno, questo, che andavano a toccare dei nervi scoperti della cultura e della società.
Research Interests:
Fin dal suo esordio, il termine ‘Antropocene’ si è presentato come un ‘evento’ (secondo la definizione data da Christophe Bonneuil e Jean-Baptiste Fressoz nel loro L’Evénement Anthropocène. La Terre, l’histoire et nous, edito nel 2013 per... more
Fin dal suo esordio, il termine ‘Antropocene’ si è presentato come un ‘evento’ (secondo la definizione data da Christophe Bonneuil e Jean-Baptiste Fressoz nel loro L’Evénement Anthropocène. La Terre, l’histoire et nous, edito nel 2013 per i tipi Seuil), tanto nel senso di uno shock rispetto all’umanità, quanto per ciò che concerne le risposte provenienti da discipline anche molto distanti tra loro. Coniato dal Nobel per la chimica Paul Crutzen nel 2000, e indicante la supposta era geologica, successiva all’Olocene, in cui l’uomo sarebbe diventato il principale fattore di trasformazione delle condizioni ambientali terrestri, l’Antropocene ha conosciuto negli ultimi quindici anni un enorme successo anche nelle scienze sociali e in filosofia. Se lo strato più superficiale del suo significato è direttamente connesso con il cambiamento climatico indotto dall’industrializzazione, le questioni soggiacenti riguardano, infatti, diversi nodi problematici su cui si è retta e continua a reggersi l’attitudine del pensiero occidentale, nonostante le scosse telluriche ricevute almeno da Nietzsche in poi: in primis l’opposizione tra natura e cultura e, come in un effetto a valanga, l’antropocentrismo, l’etnocentrismo, l’androcentrismo, il prometeismo, la razionalità illuministica, la stessa idea di telos e di storia universale nei suoi rapporti intrinseci con il Neolitico. In ultimo, ciò a cui l’Antropocene sembra chiamare, dagli scienziati naturali fino ai filosofi, agli economisti e alla politica, è la possibilità/necessità di pensare il futuro in quanto tale.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
a cura di Chiara Chinello, Claudia Pedone, Alberto Romele
Chi è quel soggetto che nell’autobiografia dice “io”? Raccontarsi non è già diventare altro? L’autobiografia è un esercizio filosofico in cui l’identità si scopre tramata da altre vite e l’io emerge soltanto perché dislocato nei suoi... more
Chi è quel soggetto che nell’autobiografia dice “io”? Raccontarsi non è già diventare altro? L’autobiografia è un esercizio filosofico in cui l’identità si scopre tramata da altre vite e l’io emerge soltanto perché dislocato nei suoi segni. Sono forse proprio le condizioni di impossibilità di un’autopresentazione trasparente e definitiva che rendono possibile una soggettività autobiografica. Scrivere di sé infatti è già trascendenza: insinua il sospetto
di un’alterità, di un’alterazione e turba la rigida identità, che si presume autonoma e precedente alle sue iscrizioni. L’intreccio tra autós, bíos e graphein non è dunque una neutra auto-espressione, ma uno specchio in cui il proprio volto è riflesso e capovolto, il sé si racconta e si ascolta, recita e osserva.
In che modo quindi l’autobiografia è un luogo di verità? «La verità
può essere il cuore dell’autobiografia», afferma John M. Coetzee, «ma ciò non vuol dire che l’autobiografia abbia a cuore la verità». Ogni lettera scritta traccia l’aderenza di sé a sé e alle cose, nell’istante stesso in cui marca una separazione e una distanza. In questo paradosso si infrange ogni pretesa di obiettività o di adeguazione. Qui la trasparenza dell’io viene disdetta,
come anche la sua sovranità del discorso. L’autobiografia è, allora, la scrittura impossibile come unica iscrizione possibile: il tentativo estremo di restituire il senso di una vita incompiuta, di dare una verità senza verità, di raccontare di sé da sé. È una messa in scena dell’identità e della propria distanza, un’autosospensione e una torsione tropica dell’io, che si racconta e si espone. Dietro ogni scrittura autobiografica c’è infatti un nome proprio, che sigilla l’autore, il narratore, il personaggio. Ma proprio in questa firma
si custodisce, più che il diritto a una proprietà, la promessa di verità per sé e per gli altri: un corpo a corpo con la lingua e con la propria storia.
«There’s a place and means for every man alive» di Marzia Caciolini La rivoluzione interiore La scoperta dell’America ha posto un termine di validità al sapere acquisito, sconvolgendo il paradigma... more
«There’s a place and means for every man alive»
di Marzia Caciolini
                             

La rivoluzione interiore

La scoperta dell’America ha posto un termine di validità al sapere acquisito, sconvolgendo il paradigma scientifico-filosofico valido fino a quel momento. Nuovi territori hanno reso necessaria la riconfigurazione non solo delle carte, ma anche delle conoscenze fisiche e astronomiche, e nuovi uomini - gli indigeni - hanno costretto i “vecchi” uomini a un ripensamento dell’antropologia, del diritto e della teologia. La prima età moderna conosce tuttavia un’ulteriore scoperta, che, come e forse più dell’impresa di Colombo, ha condotto l’uomo a esplorare i propri limiti e le proprie potenzialità: la scoperta dell’interiorità. Essa è intimamente connessa con una diversa presa di coscienza di sé, che diventa luogo privilegiato di una metamorfosi:  quella della forma in anima, e della materia in corpo, che si uniscono nel concorso alla definizione dell’individuo.
Con “rivoluzione interiore” ci si riferisce a un fenomeno del tutto umano, che tra il XV e il XVII secolo è stato protagonista di una violenta accelerazione. Si tratta di un processo oggetto di studio privilegiato non solo della storia della filosofia, ma anche della storia delle dottrine teologiche (un nome tra tutti, quello di John Bossy) e presente, seppur implicitamente, nelle pagine di storia della scienza del Novecento (pensiamo semplicemente a Khun e Rossi). La rivoluzione interiore non può non richiamare, per sincronia e “omonimia”, quella scientifica. Fatte salve le caratteristiche, per così dire, “accidentali” che le accomunano (vale a dire, la denominazione e il periodo storico), ci sono ragioni più profonde, ulteriori... interiori, che permettono di interpretarle senza soluzione di continuità. Per possedere e comprendere la nuova dimensione del sé, c’è bisogno di un nuovo metodo di osservazione e di nuove unità di misura.
Questo numero esplora sotto la prospettiva dell’interiorità gli sviluppi cinque-seicenteschi dell’ideale umanistico di homo faber sui, con particolare attenzione per l’evoluzione dei suoi strumenti cognitivi, ovvero le facoltà ausiliarie dell’intelletto quali memoria, immaginazione e fantasia. Dottrine gnoseologiche che l’età moderna assume in una prospettiva in particolar modo controriformista, nel tentativo di far coincidere il percorso del viator con la conquista della Grazia, attraverso un lavoro personale di conquista e riarticolazione della propria interiorità.
Certo, l’idea dell’individuo che contrappone una dimensione mondana in comune con gli altri alla sua personale dimensione spirituale non è sconosciuta al protestantesimo e alle correnti religiose e filosofiche da esso generate. C’è però una differenza fondamentale tra il sé “riformato” e quello “contro-riformato”, che consiste nell’essere, il primo, isolato in un rapporto asimmetrico di attesa, che non si avvale della mediazione dei sensi e del fare, in cui le potenzialità dell’uomo sono concentrate su una speranza cieca, insensata, nella Grazia divina.
Dalla sua parte la spiritualità gesuita, che trova le radici negli Esercizi Spirituali di Ignazio di Loyola, è forse quella che promuove più manifestamente l’edificazione dell’individuo, nella possibilità che egli compia un percorso basato su una relazione di reciprocità (e non di sottomissione o di fatalità) con il trascendente. La pedagogia, la meditazione e l’esercizio sono alcune delle nuove metodologie, ideate dall’uomo e per l’uomo, per riorganizzare la condizione “naturale” di umanità.
Non è un caso che il periodo qui preso in esame sia caratterizzato da un florido sviluppo delle arti pratiche, considerate come strumento finalizzato alla manipolazione della natura: quest’ultima decade dal suo status di creatura indipendente, per divenire campo di azione a disposizione di un individuo inserito in una relazione con la realtà esterna mediata da un efficace apparato di strumenti costitutivi dell’interiorità.
L’uomo continua a concepire la propria esistenza come regolata dalle categorie di ordo et mensura, ma ne detta egli stesso il criteri a partire dalla conoscenza delle proprie potenzialità, che usa per adattare alle sue  esigenze l’ambiente che lo circonda. È nella medesima prospettiva che si può riconsiderare il ruolo delle arti. L’arte diventa una nuova forma di determinazione e di analisi degli elementi del “reale”, che vengono riletti in un sistema dinamico di scomposizione e rimandi semantici.
È in questo contesto che si afferma una diversa concezione della volontà e della scelta personale: la prospettiva escatologica che aveva caratterizzato il medioevo viene smembrata nella moltiplicazione contingente dei punti di vista, determinando una scissione ontologica tra l'ideale del Bene e quello della Virtù. Così, per esempio, anche Parolles, picaresco personaggio shakespeariano tutt'altro che virtuoso, può star certo di poter godere, nella propria vita, degli stessi agi  di un capitano di flotta. Conoscendo i propri mezzi e le proprie potenzialità, sarà in grado di volgere a suo vantaggio le situazioni che gli si presenteranno: «there's place and means for every men alive».
a cura di Simone Guidi e Antonio Lucci
Research Interests:
Lo Sguardo‘s 31th issue will be devoted to the concept of ‘habitus’, a long-standing philosopheme at the intersection of ontology, ethics, practical philosophy, epistemology, anthropology, and sociology. The term habitus is the Latin... more
Lo Sguardo‘s 31th issue will be devoted to the concept of ‘habitus’, a long-standing philosopheme at the intersection of ontology, ethics, practical philosophy, epistemology, anthropology, and sociology.

The term habitus is the Latin translation, popularized by Aquinas, of the Aristotelian hexis. Though in the Aristotelian corpus this term conveys multiple meanings, hexis can be shortly defined as a stable acquired quality or disposition, which is possessed neither by nature nor contrary to nature. Furthermore, hexis does not simply coincide with ‘disposition’ (diathesis) in that the latter is momentary, while the former requires stability and durability over time. Episteme and virtues are typically defined as hexeis, durable and stable acquired dispositions respectively to demonstration and to the way the soul copes with pleasures and pains.

In the wake of Augustine’s treatment of subject and virtues and following Aquinas’ theoretical and terminological mediation, Scholastic moral psychology and theology are largely committed with the concept of habitus. The mushrooming of qualitatively differentiated habitus, corresponding to a taxonomy of the complexio animi, complies with the attempt to attenuate the tensions within the Aristotelian legacy, making it functional to uphold central concerns like free-will and theological virtues.

During the Modern Age and especially since Descartes’ thought, the term habitus slips towards a different meaning, that of habit, a repeated and essentially mechanic acquired behavior. The reflection on habit gradually takes on a twofold shape: on the one hand, habit represents the mechanic, passive and unreflective side of individual and social experience, on the other hand, it plays a pivotal role in the continuity of experience. The issue of habit-habitude, though not always in an explicit form, runs through the development of Modern philosophy, from Rationalism, to materialist thinkers and physiologists of the XVII century, to the British Empiricism, to French Spiritualism, to German Idealism.

In recent times, the concept of habitus was revitalized by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, who posited it at the core of his social theory. Albeit drawing on Panofsky, Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Mauss, Durkheim, as well as on modern philosophers like Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz and Pascal, Bourdieu shaped a notion of habitus that is not reducible to any pre-existing one. In his theory of practice, the habitus, conceived as a principle of action, is an enduring system of unconscious schemata of dispositions to perception, evaluation and action that is able to translate the restrictions and the possibilities inherent in a social position into a particular lifestyle. Such a reframed concept of habitus is able to explain social reproduction and domination as well as the crisis of practices when the conditions that produced the habitus expire.

The complex history of habitus, hexis and habit unequivocally proves that these concepts are not overlapping or interchangeable, and are instead part of a constellation of philosophical issues. In fact, these concepts represent an invaluable and unique line of juncture between having and being, potency and act, activity and passivity, consciousness and mechanism, freedom and determinism, reproduction and change, individualization and socialization, first and second nature of human beings.
l numero XXXI de Lo Sguardo sarà dedicato al concetto di ‘habitus’, un filosofema dalla tradizione secolare che si colloca al crocevia tra ontologia, etica, filosofia pratica, epistemologia, antropologia e sociologia. Con il lemma... more
l numero XXXI de Lo Sguardo sarà dedicato al concetto di ‘habitus’, un filosofema dalla tradizione secolare che si colloca al crocevia tra ontologia, etica, filosofia pratica, epistemologia, antropologia e sociologia.

Con il lemma ‘habitus’ Tommaso d’Aquino traduce il termine aristotelico hexis. Anche se nel corpus aristotelico l’hexis veicola differenti significati, essa può essere brevemente definita come una qualità o una disposizione stabilmente acquisita, che è posseduta né per natura né contro natura. Inoltre, l’hexis non coincide semplicemente con la ‘disposizione’ (diathesis), dal momento che quest’ultima è momentanea, laddove invece la prima richiede stabilità e durevolezza nel tempo. L’episteme e le virtù sono tipicamente definite come hexeis, cioè disposizioni durevoli e acquisite, rispettivamente, alla dimostrazione e al modo in cui l’anima fa esperienza dei piaceri e dei dolori.

Sulla scia del trattamento agostiniano del soggetto e della virtù e dell’influente mediazione concettuale e terminologica dell’Aquinate, nella tradizione scolastica tanto la psicologia morale quanto la teologia morale fecero un largo ricorso al concetto di habitus. La proliferazione di habitus qualitativamente differenziati, i quali corrisponderebbero a una tassonomia della complexio animi, esprime il tentativo di ammorbidire le tensioni rispetto al lascito aristotelico, rendendolo il più possibile funzionale a supportare questioni di cruciale rilevanza come, per esempio, il libero arbitrio e le virtù teologali.

Durante l’epoca moderna e in particolar modo a partire dal pensiero di Descartes, il termine habitus scivola verso un diverso significato, quello di abitudine, cioè di comportamento acquisito per ripetizione e in modo essenzialmente meccanico. Progressivamente la riflessione sull’abitudine ha assunto una duplice curvatura: da un lato, l’abitudine esprime il lato passivo, meccanico e irriflesso dell’esperienza individuale e sociale; dall’altro, essa svolge un ruolo fondamentale per la continuità di ogni esperienza. La questione dell’abitudine (habit, habitude), anche se non sempre in forma esplicita, attraversa tutto lo sviluppo della filosofia moderna, dal razionalismo, ai pensatori e ai fisiologi materialisti del XVII secolo, all’empirismo britannico, allo spiritualismo francese, all’idealismo tedesco.

In epoca più recente, il concetto di habitus ha trovato una rinnovata vitalità grazie all’opera del sociologo Pierre Bourdieu, che lo ha posto al centro della propria teoria sociale. Pur ispirandosi agli impieghi e alle accezioni impressi al termine da Panofsky, Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Durkheim e Mauss, oltre che al pensiero di filosofi moderni come Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz e Pascal, Bourdieu ha delineato una nozione di habitus che non è riducibile ad alcuna precedente elaborazione. Nella sua teoria della pratica, l’habitus – concepito come vero e proprio principio dell’azione – è un sistema di schemi inconsci di disposizioni alla percezione, alla valutazione e all’azione che è capace di tradurre le restrizioni e le possibilità che ineriscono a una posizione sociale in un particolare stile di vita. La nozione di habitus così riconcettualizzata è in grado di spiegare sia la riproduzione e il dominio sociale, sia la crisi che investe le pratiche allorché cessino di sussistere le condizioni di produzione dell’habitus.

La complessa storia concettuale dell’habitus, dell’hexis e dell’abitudine dimostra in modo inequivocabile che tali nozioni lungi dall’essere reciprocamente intercambiabili o sovrapponibili, sono piuttosto parte integrante di una costellazione di problemi filosofici profondi: questi concetti definiscono infatti un’inestimabile e pressoché unica linea di giunzione tra avere ed essere, potenza e atto, attività e passività, coscienza e meccanismo, libertà e determinismo, riproduzione e cambiamento, individuazione e socializzazione, prima e seconda natura dell’essere umano.
Il numero 32 (2020/1) de Lo Sguardo sarà dedicato all’influenza della produzione intellettuale leibniziana in vari ambiti del sapere, nel periodo che va dal post-idealismo tedesco (1850) a oggi. In sintonia con la mente multiforme propria... more
Il numero 32 (2020/1) de Lo Sguardo sarà dedicato all’influenza della produzione intellettuale leibniziana in vari ambiti del sapere, nel periodo che va dal post-idealismo tedesco (1850) a oggi. In sintonia con la mente multiforme propria del filosofo di Lipsia, verranno accettati contributi anche in discipline altre rispetto alla filosofia, quali matematica, scienze informatiche, storiche, letterarie, linguistiche, ecc. I contributi possono includere le figure menzionate nella call, ma non devono necessariamente limitarsi a queste.
The issue 32 (2020/1) of the journal “Lo Sguardo” is dedicated to the influence of the Leibnizian production in the development of various knowledge domains from the end of the German Idealism (1850) up to nowadays. In tune with the... more
The issue 32 (2020/1) of the journal “Lo Sguardo” is dedicated to the influence of the Leibnizian production in the development of various knowledge domains from the end of the German Idealism (1850) up to nowadays. In tune with the multifaceted genius he was, the editors also accept contributions from disciplines different from philosophy, written in a popular fashion, such as mathematics, literature, informatics, history, linguistics, etc. The contributions are not restricted to the authors listed in the call.
Herausgegeben von Simone Tarli, Federica Pitillo und Matteo V. D'Alfonso. Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775-1854) ist vielleicht eine der interessantesten und umstrittensten Figuren der Deutschen klassischen Philosophie. Eine... more
Herausgegeben von Simone Tarli, Federica Pitillo und Matteo V. D'Alfonso. Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775-1854) ist vielleicht eine der interessantesten und umstrittensten Figuren der Deutschen klassischen Philosophie. Eine immerwährende, an Systemausgestaltung orientierte Forschung, die das Leben, die Geschichte und die Freiheit zusammenhalten könnte, führte den Philosoph der Identität zu einem kontinuierlichen, kohärenten Weg-manchmal von plötzlichen Richtungswechseln charakterisiert-, der kein Gebiet der philosophischen und nicht philosophischen Erkenntnis und der Realität unerforscht lassen würde. Die bedrängende, artikulierte Entwicklung vom Denken Schellings zeigt deutliche Elemente von Originalität, die sein "philosophisches Genie" ausdrücken. Das erlaubte nämlich ihm, ganz früh in der hitzigen philosophischen Debatte seiner Zeit einzutreten, mit dem Ziel, eine eigene, originelle Reflexion über die Rolle der Philosophie als systematische Disziplin anzubieten. Die kontinuierliche Arbeit an der kritischen Ausgabe seiner Werke, im Jahr 1976 angefangen von der Schelling-Kommission der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, und die Veröffentlichung verschiedener Monografien in den letzten Jahrzehnten zeigen das erneute Interesse für Schellings System. Der kürzliche Tod von Xavier Tilliette, einem der größten Interpreten des Denkens Schellings, verleitet uns auch dazu, die Hinterlassenschaft und den Einfluss, die eine solche Philosophie auf das heutige Denken hat und weiterhaben wird, weiter zu erforschen. Diese Elemente und die unbestreitbare Wichtigkeit des Autors im Rahmen der Deutschen klassischen Philosophie, bieten zahlreiche Denkanstöße, nicht nur aus einer historisch-philosophischen, sondern auch aus einer theoretischen Perspektive. Diese Ausgabe von "Lo Sguardo" beabsichtigt, die vielfältigen Facetten des im Werden Denkens von Schelling, mit dem Ziel, die gründlichen, tragenden Fragen seines Systems zu rekonstruieren. Dieser Band möchte einen möglichst vollständigen und artikulierten Überblick der Philosophie Schellings und eine Übersicht der verschiedenen Interpretationen vorstellen und hierbei die in der aktuellen Debatte.
Research Interests:
Edited by Simone Tarli, Federica Pitillo, Matteo V. D'Alfonso. Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775-1854) is one of the most interesting and controversial figures of classical German philosophy. A constant research, oriented by... more
Edited by Simone Tarli, Federica Pitillo, Matteo V. D'Alfonso. Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775-1854) is one of the most interesting and controversial figures of classical German philosophy. A constant research, oriented by the elaboration of a system able to keep life, history and freedom together, leads the philosopher of the identity to trace a continuous and coherent path, sometimes characterized by sudden changes of direction, that never leaves unexplored any field of philosophical or not philosophical knowledge and of reality. The articulated development of Schelling's thought has evident elements of originality that express that "philosophical genius", which allowed him to be early involved into the heated philosophical debate of the time, in order to propose his own and original reflection on the role of philosophy as a systematic discipline. The critical edition of his works, begun in 1976 and still in progress at the Schelling-Kommission of the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, and the publication in the last decades of various studies show a renewed interest in Schelling's thought. The recent death of Xavier Tilliette, one of the greatest interpreters of Schelling's thought, represents an occasion to question on the legacy and the influence that this philosophy had and still has on the contemporary thought. These elements, added to the undeniable importance of the author in the framework of classical German philosophy, offer innumerable points for historical-philosophical and theoretical reflections. This issue of "Lo Sguardo" intends to investigate the several aspects of Schelling's "becoming" thought, with the aim of reconstructing the fundamental questions that form the backbone of its system. In addition to give an overview, as much complete and detailed as possible, of Schelling's philosophy, the purpose of this volume is to present a review of different interpretations, by highlighting relevant features of Schelling's thought in the contemporary debate and the main perspectives of the research.
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775-1854) è una delle figure più interessanti e controverse della filosofia classica tedesca. Una continua ricerca, orientata dall'elaborazione di un sistema capace di tenere assieme vita, storia e... more
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775-1854) è una delle figure più interessanti e controverse della filosofia classica tedesca. Una continua ricerca, orientata dall'elaborazione di un sistema capace di tenere assieme vita, storia e libertà, conduce il filosofo dell'identità a tracciare un sentiero-continuo e coerente, ma caratterizzato talvolta da bruschi cambi di direzione-che non lascia inesplorato nessun campo della conoscenza, filosofica e non, e della realtà. Lo sviluppo incalzante e articolato del pensiero di Schelling si caratterizza per evidenti elementi di originalità che sono l'espressione di quel "genio filosofico", che gli consentì di inserirsi precocemente nell'acceso dibattito filosofico del proprio tempo, con l'intento di proporre una propria e originale riflessione sul ruolo della filosofia come disciplina sistematica. Il lavoro di edizione critica delle opere, cominciato nel 1976 e ancora in corso presso la Schelling-Kommission della Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, e la pubblicazione, negli ultimi decenni, di svariate monografie testimoniano il rinnovato interesse per il pensiero di Schelling. La recente scomparsa di Xavier Tilliette, fra i maggiori interpreti del pensiero schellinghiano, costituisce inoltre un'occasione per interrogarsi sul lascito e sull'influenza che questa filosofia ha avuto e continua ad avere sul pensiero contemporaneo. Tali elementi, aggiunti all'innegabile importanza dell'autore nella cornice della filosofia classica tedesca, offrono innumerevoli spunti di riflessione di natura non solo storico-filosofica ma anche, e soprattutto, teoretica. Il presente numero de «Lo Sguardo» intende indagare le molteplici sfaccettature del pensiero "in divenire" di Schelling, con l'obiettivo di ricostruire le questioni fondamentali che fanno da colonne portanti del suo sistema. Oltre a una panoramica, il più possibile completa e articolata, della filosofia di Schelling, lo scopo di questo volume è quello di presentare una rassegna delle diverse interpretazioni, evidenziando i caratteri ancora rilevanti del pensiero schellinghiano nel dibattito contemporaneo e le principali prospettive di ricerca.
Ceci sera le premier de deux numéros consécutifs dédiés à la mémoire. On traitera spécialement de la mémoire en tant que processus d'individualité et d'individuation ; le deuxième numéro (n° 29) sera consacré par contre à la mémoire dans... more
Ceci sera le premier de deux numéros consécutifs dédiés à la mémoire. On traitera spécialement de la mémoire en tant que processus d'individualité et d'individuation ; le deuxième numéro (n° 29) sera consacré par contre à la mémoire dans ses dimensions sociales et politiques. Dans le numéro 28, la mémoire sera abordée comme un problème historiographique, métaphysique, phénoménologique et épistémologique.
Research Interests:
In occasione del suo decimo anniversario (2009-2019), Lo Sguardo dedicherà due numeri consecutivi (nn. 28-29) al tema della memoria. Il numero 28 verterà in particolare sul rapporto tra memoria, individuo e processi di individuazione; il... more
In occasione del suo decimo anniversario (2009-2019), Lo Sguardo dedicherà due numeri consecutivi (nn. 28-29) al tema della memoria. Il numero 28 verterà in particolare sul rapporto tra memoria, individuo e processi di individuazione; il secondo fascicolo (il numero 29), sarà invece consacrato alla memoria nella sua dimensione sociale e politica. Nel n. 28 il tema della memoria sarà affrontato dunque come problema storiografico, metafisico, psicologico, epistemologico e fenomenologico.
Research Interests:
This is the first of two consecutive issues dedicated to memory. It deals especially with memory as it relates to both individuality and individuation processes; the second issue (n. 29) will be dedicated to memory in its social and... more
This is the first of two consecutive issues dedicated to memory. It deals especially with memory as it relates to both individuality and individuation processes; the second issue (n. 29) will be dedicated to memory in its social and political dimensions. In n. 28, memory will be addressed as a historiographic, metaphysical, phenomenological and epistemological problem.
Research Interests:
The aim of the present issue of Lo Sguardo is to focus on the " emotional turn " that has taken place both in analytic and continental philosophy. In the last years emotions – and the connected and relational world they represent – are... more
The aim of the present issue of Lo Sguardo is to focus on the " emotional turn " that has taken place both in analytic and continental philosophy. In the last years emotions – and the connected and relational world they represent – are becoming the object of an extensive multidisciplinary analysis that includes contributions from moral philosophy to neuroscience. Considering the increasing amount of publications on this topic, we want to contribute to the debate developing a critical view based on a genealogical approach. The issue will question the very notion of emotion as a modern one, working out the implicit assumptions that it underlies. Which are the conceptual implications of the semantic shift between passions and emotions? Which anthropological paradigm are we elaborating through this new focus on the affections? And what kind of ontological, metaphysical and political relations it entails? Contributions at this issue should aim to a deconstruction and reconstruction of the notions of passion, affection and emotion, in order to develop a critical distance from the current conceptions. As we learn from the ancient philosophers, the tension between passions and reason rules not only the internal dynamic of the subject, but also the public realm as the natural human political dimension. It is possible to ask then about the origin and role of the emotions in contemporary political theory, narrative and action. It seems, in fact, that the liberal, rationalistic approach to politics – according to which politics is the sphere of negotiation of interests – has been lately replaced by a stress on its affective dimension and by a renewed claim for political passions, the " negative " as much as the " positive " ones: anger, rage, indignation, shame, pride, enthusiasm, compassion, love and solidarity are some of the keywords coming from very different standpoints of the political spectrum. Now it seems – as the ancients state – that politics is no longer just a matter of reason(s) and rational choices, but also of affections. More: that a certain kind of politicization or de-politicization of
Research Interests:
L’obiettivo del presente numero de Lo Sguardo è di analizzare il così detto “emotional turn” che ha avuto luogo sia nell’ambito della filosofia analitica sia di quella continentale. Le emozioni – e il mondo relazionale e interconnesso che... more
L’obiettivo del presente numero de Lo Sguardo è di analizzare il così detto “emotional turn” che ha avuto luogo sia nell’ambito della filosofia analitica sia di quella continentale. Le emozioni – e il mondo relazionale e interconnesso che esse rappresentano – sono diventate negli ultimi anni oggetto di uno studio multidisciplinare che spazia dalla filosofia morale alle neuroscienze. A partire dalla constatazione della crescente quantità di pubblicazioni su quest’argomento, il presente volume vorrebbe contribuire al dibattito sviluppando su di esso un punto di vista critico basato su un metodo genealogico.

Il numero si propone di sollecitare la medesima nozione di emozione in quanto categoria moderna del pensiero, esplicitandone i presupposti. Quali sono le implicazioni concettuali dello slittamento semantico dalle passioni alle emozioni? Che tipo di paradigma antropologico si sta in tal modo elaborando? E che genere di rapporti ontologici, metafisici e politici vi sono sottointesi? Si attendono contributi che mirino a decostruire e ricostruire le nozioni di passione, affetto ed emozione al fine di sviluppare una distanza critica dalle concezioni correnti.

Come apprendiamo dai filosofi antichi, la tensione tra passioni e ragione domina non solamente la dinamica interna del soggetto, ma anche la sfera pubblica in quanto dimensione della naturale politicità dell’uomo. Ci si può interrogare, allora, sull’origine e il ruolo di questa nuova centralità delle emozioni nella teoria, nella pratica e nella narrazione politica contemporanea. Pare, infatti, che all’approccio liberale e razionalistico alla politica – secondo il quale essa è sfera di negoziazione di interessi – si sia sostituita gradualmente una valorizzazione della sua dimensione affettiva. Così si assiste a una rivendicazione pubblica di passioni sia negative sia positive: rabbia, rancore, indignazione, vergogna, orgoglio, entusiasmo, compassione, amore e solidarietà sono solo alcune delle parole chiave chiamate in causa da un estremo all’altro dello spettro politico.

Ora sembra, dunque, che – proprio come affermavano gli antichi – la politica non sia solamente una questione di scelte razionali, ma anche di preferenze passionali. Anzi, pare che una certa dinamica di politicizzazione o depoliticizzazione degli affetti sia costantemente all’opera nella definizione e ridefinizione dei limiti dello spazio pubblico. Di conseguenza, ci si può domandare che tipo di rapporti intercorrano o debbano intercorrere tra ragione ed emozioni. Che tipo di razionalità siamo in grado di pensare a partire da questo rapporto? È possibile immaginare diversi tipi di razionalità che contrastino il dominio della ragione unica che si oppone alla pluralità delle passioni?

Il presente numero de Lo Sguardo vuole analizzare tali questioni passando in rassegna le principali passioni e discutendo il modo in cui esse si rapportano al politico in quanto tale, modificando o distorcendo il giudizio su di esso. Filosofi e intellettuali di riconosciuto prestigio internazionale hanno accettato di misurarsi su passioni particolari e attendiamo la partecipazione di quanti vogliano ragionare sul portato politico delle emozioni. È davvero possibile capire e fare la politica con o senza emozioni?
Research Interests:
L’histoire de la philosophie d’Henri Bergson (1859-1941) est l’une des plus complexes et problématiques du dernier siècle : de plus en plus populaire au cours de sa vie et de sa carrière, jusqu’à devenir « le » philosophe français par... more
L’histoire de la philosophie d’Henri Bergson (1859-1941) est l’une des plus complexes et problématiques du dernier siècle : de plus en plus populaire au cours de sa vie et de sa carrière, jusqu’à devenir « le » philosophe français par excellence, Bergson était l’auteur d’œuvres - de l’Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience de 1889 aux derniers grands travaux des années 1930 - qui influencèrent de manière décisive les domaines les plus variés de la culture française et européenne du XXe siècle : des traces importantes de sa pensée se trouvent non seulement dans la philosophie qui l’a suivi, mais aussi dans les domaines de la littérature, de la psychologie et de la science, de l’épistémologie, de l’art, de la théologie.

Le récent renouveau des études bergsoniennes a été soutenu par un grand projet d’édition critique dirigé par Frédéric Worms, dont la phase la plus importante s’est conclue en 2011 avec la réédition des huit ouvrages principaux et des Écrits philosophiques, auxquels se sont très récemment ajoutés deux textes inédits qui feront date : il s’agit des deux cours Histoire de l’idée de temps et L’Évolution du problème de la liberté, tenus au Collège de France en 1902/1903 et en 1904/1905. Transcrits par deux sténographes professionnels envoyés aux cours par Péguy lorsqu’il était empêché de s’y rendre lui-même, déposés aux Fonds Doucet en 1997, les cours ont été enfin édités aux Presses Universitaires de France respectivement par Camille Riquier et Arnaud François, qui poursuivront dans les prochaines années la publication d’autres textes inédits du même legs.

Les cours restituent la voix du philosophe dans les célèbres leçons qui contribuèrent à sa « gloire » et dont aucun lecteur du XXIe siècle n’avait pu jusqu’à présent connaître le contenu, sinon par les maquettes reportées dans les Mélanges ou dans les rares et partielles sténographies publiées dans les Annales bergsoniennes et en certains cas déjà traduites en italien (Storia della memoria e storia della metafisica, ETS 2007 ; Sul segno. Lezioni del 1902-1903 sulla storia dell’idea di tempo, Textus 2011).

Le présent numéro de « Lo Sguardo » vise à aborder la philosophie de Bergson en faisant de la parution des deux cours en question l’occasion pour reconsidérer les rapports de la pensée bergsonienne, d’une part avec l’histoire de la philosophie, d’autre part avec les sciences empiriques. Le numéro s’articulera donc en deux sections, correspondantes à deux Call for Papers, auxquels les éditeurs appellent la communauté scientifique à contribuer.
Research Interests:
The history of Henri Bergson's (1859-1941) philosophy is one of the most complex and problematic of the 20th century. Bergson gained increasing popularity over the course of his life and career, to the point of becoming the French... more
The history of Henri Bergson's (1859-1941) philosophy is one of the most complex and problematic of the 20th century. Bergson gained increasing popularity over the course of his life and career, to the point of becoming the French philosopher par excellence. His works – from the 1889 Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness to his last works from the 1930s – exercised a crucial influence on a wide range of fields in 20th-century French and European culture. Significant traces of his thought are to be found not just in subsequent philosophy, but also in the spheres of literature, psychology, science, epistemology, art, and theology. While the popularity of this French philosopher gradually declined after the 1930s, recent decades have witnessed a renewed interest – if not a genuine resurgence – in Bergsonian studies.

The recent revival in Bergsonian studies has been fuelled by an important critical edition project, led by Frédéric Worms. The most important stage was completed in 2011 with the republication of Bergson's eight major works and the Écrits philosophiques. To these, two previously unpublished landmark texts have recently been added: the two courses Histoire de l’idée de temps and L’évolution du problème de la liberté, which were held at the Collège de France in 1902/1903 and 1904/1905 respectively. Péguy entrusted two stenographers with transcribing the lectures when he could not attend the courses himself. The transcriptions from the two courses were then donated to the Fonds Doucet in 1997, and finally edited respectively by Camille Riquier and Arnaud François for “Presses Universitaires de France”, which in coming years will carry on the publication of other previously unpublished texts from the same collection.

These publications lend a new voice to the philosopher through the famous lectures that so greatly contributed to his 'glory'. Their content was hitherto completely unknown to 21st-century readers, with the exception of the brief summaries provided in the Mélanges and the few, partial transcriptions published in “Annales bergsoniennes” – some of which have already been translated into Italian (Storia della memoria e storia della metafisica, ETS 2007; Sul segno. Lezioni del 1902-1903 sulla storia dell’idea di tempo, Textus 2011).

The present issue of “Lo Sguardo” approaches Bergson's philosophy by taking the publication of his two courses as an opportunity to reconsider the relation of Bergsonian thought to the history of philosophy on the one hand and, on the other, to the empirical sciences. The issue will therefore be divided into two sections, corresponding to the two CfPs, to which the editors are inviting the scholarly community to contribute.
Research Interests:
La storia della filosofia di Henri Bergson (1859-1941) è una delle più complesse e problematiche dell’ultimo secolo: progressivamente sempre più popolare nel corso della sua vita e della sua produzione scientifica, fino a diventare “il”... more
La storia della filosofia di Henri Bergson (1859-1941) è una delle più complesse e problematiche dell’ultimo secolo: progressivamente sempre più popolare nel corso della sua vita e della sua produzione scientifica, fino a diventare “il” filosofo francese per eccellenza, Bergson fu autore di opere che – dal Saggio sui dati immediati della coscienza del 1889 alle ultime grandi opere degli anni Trenta – influenzarono in maniera decisiva i più svariati ambiti della cultura francese ed europea del Novecento: tracce importanti della sua elaborazione si ritrovano non solo nella filosofia successiva, ma anche negli ambiti della letteratura, della psicologia e delle scienze, dell’epistemologia, dell’arte, della teologia. Malgrado ciò, già a partire dagli anni Trenta del XX secolo la popolarità del filosofo francese è andata declinando per conoscere, negli ultimissimi decenni, un rinnovato interesse se non una vera e propria rinascita degli studi bergsoniani.

Il recente rinnovamento degli studi bergsoniani è stato sostenuto da un grande progetto di edizione critica diretto da Frédéric Worms, la cui fase più importante si è conclusa nel 2011 con la riedizione delle otto opere principali e degli Écrits philosophiques, ma a cui si sono recentemente aggiunti due testi inediti miliari: si tratta dei due corsi Histoire de l’idée de temps e L’évolution du problème de la liberté, tenuti al Collège de France rispettivamente nel 1902/1903 e nel 1904/1905. Fatti trascrivere da Péguy a due stenografi professionisti inviati ai corsi di Bergson quando non poteva recarvisi lui stesso, donati nel 1997 ai Fonds Doucet, i due corsi sono stati finalmente editi rispettivamente da Camille Riquier e Arnaud François per le “Presses Universitaires de France”, che nei prossimi anni proseguiranno la pubblicazione di altri testi inediti dello stesso lascito.

I corsi restituiscono la voce del filosofo nelle celebri lezioni che tanto contribuirono alla sua «gloria» e di cui nessun lettore del XXI secolo aveva prima d’ora potuto conoscere il contenuto, se non dalle brevi sintesi trascritte nei Mélanges o delle rare e parziali stenografie pubblicate nelle “Annales bergsoniennes” e in alcuni casi già tradotte in italiano (Storia della memoria e storia della metafisica, ETS 2007; Sul segno. Lezioni del 1902-1903 sulla storia dell’idea di tempo, Textus 2011).

Il presente numero de “Lo Sguardo” intende accostarsi alla filosofia di Bergson assumendo la pubblicazione dei due corsi in questione come occasione per una riconsiderazione dei rapporti tra pensiero bergsoniano con, da un lato, la storia della filosofia e, dall’altro, le scienze empiriche. Per questo, il numero si articolerà in due sezioni, corrispondenti ai due CfP sui quali i curatori sollecitano la comunità degli studiosi a intervenire con propri contributi.
Research Interests:
Il termine “postumanesimo” è stato usato per la prima volta nel senso critico che è entrato poi nel linguaggio comune da Ihab Hassan nel 1977. Nei suoi quasi quattro decenni di vita la teoria del postumano ha subito non poche evoluzioni,... more
Il termine “postumanesimo” è stato usato per la prima volta nel senso critico che è entrato poi nel linguaggio comune da Ihab Hassan nel 1977. Nei suoi quasi quattro decenni di vita la teoria del postumano ha subito non poche evoluzioni, trasformazioni e raffinamenti, non da ultimo perché questo concetto non designa un campo omogeneo e compatto, ma è piuttosto un “discorso” nel senso foucauldiano del termine, una molteplicità di filoni diversi, eterogenei e frammentati, tenuti insieme da un’idea portante: la convinzione che il vecchio umanesimo sia ormai finito. Questo numero de Lo Sguardo si propone di fare una sorta di bilancio degli ultimi quattro decenni per analizzare i limiti e confini del concetto di postumano. Il filo conduttore del numero è quindi la domanda: che cosa è ancora vivo e attuale, oggi, nella questione del postumano? Quali sono i filoni e le tendenze che si sono progressivamente esauriti, e quali invece sono passati in primo piano? Come si sono evolute le domande, e soprattutto le risposte, alla questione del postumano?

La questione della tecnologia, e cioè dell’ibridazione tra umano e macchina, è ancora per molti il tratto più “appariscente” del postumano, sia per la cultura popolare, sia per il senso comune all’interno dell’accademia; e tuttavia il trionfalismo di certo postumanesimo – e soprattutto delle sue derive transumaniste – ha alienato non pochi studiosi, a partire proprio da una delle “madri” della teoria postumana, Donna Haraway. Resta il fatto che i livelli di intimità e intrusione della tecnologia nell’umano sono, semmai, enormemente cresciuti dai tempi del Manifesto cyborg, come anche le resistenze a essi (Habermas, Fukuyama), e questo continua a sollevare inesauribili questioni ontologiche, etiche ed estetiche (decisive, in merito, le riflessioni di Bostrom).

Una questione che ha invece assunto sempre più centralità è quella dell’“animale”, tanto da imprimere una vera e propria “svolta” – il cosiddetto animal turn (Ritvo) – all’interno delle scienze umane. L’interdisciplinarità (o multidisciplinarità) che caratterizzava la ricerca sul postumano in senso spiccatamente tecnologico, orientandola primariamente verso le scienze hard (in particolare la cibernetica), si è aperta anche a discipline come la biologia evoluzionistica e l’etologia. Anche i riflessi estetici del dibattito sul postumano hanno subito varie evoluzioni nella letteratura, nel cinema, nelle arti plastiche e nei media, ma rimangono uno degli ambiti più interessanti di investigazione.

Rispetto a tali filoni, questo numero de “Lo Sguardo” vorrebbe esplorare la questione posta dal superamento definitivo della dicotomia natura/cultura: riscoprire l’animalità di homo sapiens significa infatti considerare come la modificazione dell’ambiente, tramite la costruzione e l’uso di protesi, sia da sempre parte integrante del nostro rapporto con il mondo esterno. Ben prima dell’invenzione del microchip, gli umani sono impegnati nella costruzione di artefatti, e proprio in questo si manifesta la comunanza con gli altri viventi: non esiste specie che non modifichi la propria nicchia ecologica più di quanto non ne sia modificata. In tal senso, il paradigma postumanistico non può non dialogare con quelle correnti delle neuroscienze contemporanee che pongono al centro delle proprie ricerche il tema della plasticità cerebrale, l’enattivismo, la concezione della mente estesa. Questo non significa arruolare forzatamente nelle fila dei pensatori postumanistici autori come Varela, Gibson, Clark o Hutto; significa però partire da essi per ripensare la questione della posizione dell’uomo nel cosmo al di fuori di ogni ipoteca veterounmanistica, che concepiva l’evoluzione culturale e tecnologica come ciò che viene necessariamente dopo l’evoluzione biologica.
Un ambito che sembra invece essere stato lasciato un po’ ai margini è l’aspetto politico, o più propriamente economico-politico del postumano. Tanta riflessione, in particolar modo quella orientata verso l’aspetto tecnologico, mostra, implicitamente o esplicitamente, una spiccata neutralità politica. E tuttavia l’impatto della trasformazione postumanista sulle questioni economico-politiche è un punto assolutamente centrale: il capitalismo contemporaneo non solo si è facilmente adattato alle trasformazioni socioculturali degli ultimi decenni in senso post-gender, post-razza, post-specie, ecc., ma le spinge anzi verso eccessi in-umani, dove l’economia globale unifica tutto sotto l’imperativo delle biopolitiche neoliberali, incentrate sull’idea che ciascun individuo è in tanto libero in quanto costituisce un’impresa che deve implementare il proprio capitale fatto di competenze, desideri, aspirazioni. Vi è dunque una questione spesso sbrigativamente accantonata, ma che rimane centrale e irrisolta: che cosa dovrà prendere il posto, dopo l’umanesimo, del suo universalismo astratto?
Tuttavia, l’impianto teorico del postumano permette di ricavare utili indicazioni in tal senso. Un’etica postumanistica, proprio perché attenta agli invarianti culturali che l’evoluzione della nostra specie determina, ci aiuta a leggere in modo inedito il nesso che li lega tra loro. A questo proposito, l’espressione inglese entanglement risulta decisamente pertinente in quanto permette di cogliere l’aspetto ecologico di specifiche dinamiche sociali di lungo periodo le quali non si danno mai separate le une dalle altre: l’aggressività intraspecifica, dal neolitico in poi organizzata nella forma della guerra, si intreccia al nostro rapporto violento con le altre specie, trattate in modo tale da togliere ai loro rappresentanti ogni dignità emotiva; vi fa da correlato l’oppressione del genere femminile, sia a livello simbolico che a livello politico-giuridico, così come la credenza religiosa, la quale organizza, entro la sfera dell’immaginario, quelle distinzioni tra il proprio e l’estraneo che stanno alla base della distinzione politica tra amico e nemico.
Research Interests:
The term " posthumanism " was used for the first time in the critical sense that entered then common language by Ihab Hassan in 1977. In its almost four decades of existence, posthuman theory has witnessed several evolutions,... more
The term " posthumanism " was used for the first time in the critical sense that entered then common language by Ihab Hassan in 1977. In its almost four decades of existence, posthuman theory has witnessed several evolutions, transformations and refinements, not least because this concept does not name an homogeneous and compact field, but is rather a " discourse " in the Foucauldian sense, a multiplicity of different streams, heterogeneous and fragmented, held together by a basic idea: the notion that old humanism is over. This issue of " Lo Sguardo " intends to attempt a sort of assessment of the last four decades, in order to analyse the limits and boundaries of the concept of posthuman. The leading thread of this issue is thus the question: what is still alive and topical, today, in the question of the posthuman? What themes and trends have progressively run out, and what instead have come to the foreground? How did the questions, and most importantly the answers, to the problem of the posthuman evolve? The question of technology, that is of the hybridization between human and machine, is still for many the most " showy " trait of the posthuman, both in popular culture and for the common understanding within academia; and yet the triumphalism of a certain posthumanism – and above all of its transhumanist deviations – alienated a number of scholars, starting precisely with one of the " mothers " of posthuman theory, Donna Haraway. The fact remains that the levels of technology's intimacy and intrusion into the human have, if anything, enormously increased sinceA Cyborg Manifesto (1983), and so have also the oppositions to it (Habermas, Fukuyama), and this keeps raising inexhaustible ontological, ethical and aesthetic questions (decisive are here Bostrom's reflexions).
Research Interests:
On the occasion of its Hundredth anniversary, the XXV issue of Lo Sguardo (scheduled in November 2017) will be dedicated to the Russian revolution, interpreted as a crucial event of the contemporary age, which marked starkly the... more
On the occasion of its Hundredth anniversary, the XXV issue of Lo Sguardo (scheduled in November 2017) will be dedicated to the Russian revolution, interpreted as a crucial event of the contemporary age, which marked starkly the historical events. It was the first open challenge to the capitalism, dealing with a political change of the sovereignty, of the social structures and of the class struggles. A century later,  one should rethink the theoretical constructs and the global geopolitical impact of Russian revolution, coping with its mythicization and its forgotten heritage as well.
Research Interests:
In occasione della ricorrenza dei suoi cento anni, il numero XXV de Lo Sguardo (novembre 2017) sarà dedicato alla Rivoluzione d’Ottobre, intesa come spartiacque fondamentale della contemporaneità, che ha segnato in modo decisivo la trama... more
In occasione della ricorrenza dei suoi cento anni, il numero XXV de Lo Sguardo (novembre 2017) sarà dedicato alla Rivoluzione d’Ottobre, intesa come spartiacque fondamentale della contemporaneità, che ha segnato in modo decisivo la trama degli eventi storici. È stata la prima sfida aperta al modello di produzione capitalistico, che ha veicolato un mutamento politico della sovranità, della struttura sociale e del rapporto di forza tra classi. A distanza di 100 anni, è utile ripensarne i nodi teoretici fondamentali e il suo impatto geopolitico mondiale, facendo i conti tanto con la sua mitizzazione, quanto con la sua eredità rimossa.
Research Interests:
Jean Baudrillard’s thought crosses a large part of the current world phenomena (war, information, media and communication, marxism’s crisis, terrorism, photography, architecture, clonation, etc.). Most of the keywords of his thought –... more
Jean Baudrillard’s thought crosses a large part of the current world phenomena (war, information, media and communication, marxism’s crisis, terrorism, photography, architecture, clonation, etc.). Most of the keywords of his thought – “symbolic exchange”, “hyperreality”, “simulacrum” – continues to proliferate in the recent philosophical-cultural production, as far as this has provided a valiant conceptual framework in order to understand the complex phenomena of globalization. For these reasons, ten years from his passing, Lo Sguardo dedicates to this unclassifiable thinker a monographic issue, which intends to examine his rich and stratified cultural milieu and to investigate his deep effect on the contemporary philosophical, sociological, aesthetical and political thought. Indeed, it proves the demand to think over the contemporary through a critical use of baudrillardian concepts, that is ‘reinventing the real as fiction’ thanks to the burning lens of irony towards reality.
Research Interests:
La riflessione di Jean Baudrillard attraversa gran parte dei fenomeni del mondo attuale (la guerra, l’informazione, la comunicazione e i media, la crisi del marxismo, il terrorismo, la fotografia, l’architettura, la clonazione, ecc.).... more
La riflessione di Jean Baudrillard attraversa gran parte dei fenomeni del mondo attuale (la guerra, l’informazione, la comunicazione e i media, la crisi del marxismo, il terrorismo, la fotografia, l’architettura, la clonazione, ecc.). Gran parte delle parole chiave del suo pensiero, come “scambio simbolico”, “iperrealtà” o “simulacro”, continuano a proliferare nella produzione filosofico-culturale più recente, poiché hanno saputo fornire un valido apparato concettuale per cogliere i complessi fenomeni della globalizzazione. A dieci anni dalla morte, Lo Sguardo dedica perciò a questo inclassificabile pensatore un numero monografico, che da un lato si propone di esplorarne lo stratificato e ricchissimo milieu culturale, dall’altro di sondarne la profonda incidenza sulla riflessione filosofica, sociologica, estetica ma anche politica contemporanea; essa testimonia infatti l’esigenza di ripensare l’attualità attraverso un utilizzo critico dei concetti baudrillardiani, ma anche di ‘reinventare il reale come finzione’ grazie allo specchio ustorio dell’ironia nei confronti della realtà.
Research Interests:
The term “Anthropocene”, ever since its rise to scientific, intellectual or public visibility, has been presented as an event (Bonneuil, Fressoz), both as a kind of shock produced and experienced by humankind, and in terms of the response... more
The term “Anthropocene”, ever since its rise to scientific, intellectual or public visibility, has been presented as an event (Bonneuil, Fressoz), both as a kind of shock produced and experienced by humankind, and in terms of the response this shock has elicited from diverse disciplines. “Anthropocene” is a term coined in 2000 by the Nobel Prize-winning atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen that refers to a new, current geological era, one that would therefore supposedly have succeeded the Holocene, a new epoch in which the human being will have become the main factor involved in the transformation of terrestrial conditions. First emerging from the hard sciences, during the last fifteen years the Anthropocene has been taken up widely in the social sciences, but also in the humanities and philosophy, and for a powerful reason: while at a technical or superficial level it is concerned directly with the climate change brought about by industrialization, it inevitably leads to profound issues involving the entire Western tradition. That is, it involves cruxes of thought that may have been confronted in the past, for instance through the upheavals provoked by Nietzschean thought, but which we continue to face today: in the first place the opposition between nature and culture, and then, like a cascade, the issues of anthropocentrism, ethnocentrism, androcentrism, Prometheanism, Enlightenment reason, the very idea of telos and the idea of universal history in its intrinsic relation with the Neolithic. Finally, the Anthropocene seems to call natural scientists, philosophers, economists and politicians to respond to the possibility and the necessity of thinking the future as such.
Research Interests:
Fin dal suo esordio, il termine “Antropocene” si è presentato come un evento (Bonneuil, Fressoz), tanto nel senso di uno shock rispetto all’umanità, quanto per ciò che concerne le risposte provenienti da discipline anche molto distanti... more
Fin dal suo esordio, il termine “Antropocene” si è presentato come un evento (Bonneuil, Fressoz), tanto nel senso di uno shock rispetto all’umanità, quanto per ciò che concerne le risposte provenienti da discipline anche molto distanti tra loro. Coniato dal Nobel per la chimica Paul Crutzen nel 2000, e indicante la supposta era geologica, successiva all’Olocene, in cui l’uomo sarebbe diventato il principale fattore di trasformazione delle condizioni ambientali terrestri, l’Antropocene ha conosciuto negli ultimi quindici anni un enorme successo anche nelle scienze sociali e in filosofia.
Research Interests:
Jean Baudrillard’s path of thought runs through several phenomena of the modern world (war, information, communication and media, the crisis of Marxism, terrorism, photography, architecture, cloning etc.) occupying a unique position in... more
Jean Baudrillard’s path of thought runs through several phenomena of the modern world (war, information, communication and media, the crisis of Marxism, terrorism, photography, architecture, cloning etc.) occupying a unique position in contemporary philosophical landscape. Most of his keywords, such as “hyper-reality” or “simulacrum” continue to proliferate in latest philosophical-cultural production. These terms have come to constitute a useful set of concept to grasp the contemporary culture in its complex structure.
Ten years after the death of Baudrillard, Lo Sguardo devotes to his thought a special issue, expected to be published in March 2017.
The editorial team invites scholars in the field of Baudrillard’s, media and philosophical studies tosend their proposals of editing. Proposals can be submitted by a single editor or a by group of up to three editors.
Research Interests:
La riflessione di Jean Baudrillard attraversa gran parte dei fenomeni del mondo attuale (la guerra, l’informazione, la comunicazione e i media, la crisi del marxismo, il terrorismo, la fotografia, l’architettura, la clonazione etc.),... more
La riflessione di Jean Baudrillard attraversa gran parte dei fenomeni del mondo attuale (la guerra, l’informazione, la comunicazione e i media, la crisi del marxismo, il terrorismo, la fotografia, l’architettura, la clonazione etc.), occupando una posizione unica nel panorama filosofico contemporaneo.
Gran parte delle parole chiave del suo pensiero, come “iperrealtà” o “simulacro” continuano a proliferare nella produzione filosofico-culturale più recente; questi termini hanno infatti saputo fornire un valido
apparato concettuale per cogliere la cultura contemporanea nella sua complessa articolazione.
A 10 anni dalla morte di Baudrillard, Lo Sguardo intende dedicare al suo pensiero un numero monografico, previsto per marzo 2017.
A questo proposito la redazione invita studiosi attivi nel campo degli studi su Baudrillard e affini ainviare le loro proposte di curatela del numero. La proposta può essere sottoposta da un singolo curatore o da un gruppo di massimo tre curatori.
Research Interests:
Is it possible, and through which philosophical categories, a thought of the catastrophe, natural, or linguistic, or political or aesthetic? And in what consists — on the contrary — a catastrophe of the thought? The twentieth issue of... more
Is it possible, and through which philosophical categories, a thought of the  catastrophe, natural, or linguistic, or political or aesthetic? And in what consists — on the contrary — a catastrophe of the thought?

The twentieth issue of Lo Sguardo (February 2016) addresses these questions, assuming the catastrophe from its original meaning, the dramaturgical one of the greek katastrophé, but identify it in its hermeneutic function and as a category of thought. Catastrophe, thus, as overturning that subverts a system, generating the end of a narrative, of a story, of a structure, but also as an upturning that retains and establishes the possibility of a new beginning. Then, reflecting on the disaster means to approximate the philosophical discourse to the precipice on which rationality builds its unstable foundation, and at the same time recognize in the overturning the very place from which the gaze upon the world starts.
Research Interests:
Is it possible, and through which philosophical categories, a thought of the catastrophe, natural, or linguistic, or political or aesthetic? And in what consists — on the contrary — a catastrophe of the thought? The twentieth issue of... more
Is it possible, and through which philosophical categories, a thought of the catastrophe, natural, or linguistic, or political or aesthetic? And in what consists — on the contrary — a catastrophe of the thought?

The twentieth issue of Lo Sguardo (February 2016) addresses these questions, assuming the catastrophe from its original meaning, the dramaturgical one of the greek katastrophé, but identify it in its hermeneutic function and as a category of thought. Catastrophe, thus, as overturning that subverts a system, generating the end of a narrative, of a story, of a structure, but also as an upturning that retains and establishes the possibility of a new beginning. Then, reflecting on the disaster means to approximate the philosophical discourse to the precipice on which rationality builds its unstable foundation, and at the same time recognize in the overturning the very place from which the gaze upon the world starts.
Research Interests:
È possibile, e in quali termini, un pensiero della catastrofe, che sia questa naturale, linguistica, politica o estetica? E in cosa consiste, al contrario, una catastrofe del pensiero? È intorno a queste domande che si impernia il... more
È possibile, e in quali termini, un pensiero della catastrofe, che sia questa naturale, linguistica, politica o estetica? E in cosa consiste, al contrario, una catastrofe del pensiero? È intorno a queste domande che si impernia il ventesimo numero de Lo Sguardo (febbraio 2016), che assumerà la catastrofe a partire dal suo significato originario, quello segnatamente drammaturgico della katastrophḗ greca, ma individua in essa una funzione ermeneutica e una categoria di pensiero fondamentale. Catastrofe, quindi, come capovolgimento che sovverte un sistema, ingenerando la fine di una narrazione, di una storia, di una struttura, ma anche sovversione che conserva e fonda la possibilità di un nuovo inizio. Riflettere sulla catastrofe significa così approssimare il discorso filosofico al precipizio sul quale la razionalità stessa costruisce il suo instabile fondamento, e insieme riconoscere nell’improvviso e accidentale rovesciamento il luogo stesso dal quale lo sguardo sul mondo prende le mosse.
Research Interests:
This issue of “Lo Sguardo” aims to investigate what still remains, and in which forms, of Pasolini’s geographies, thought, and work 40 years after his death. In an international perspective (we plan contributions in English, German,... more
This issue of “Lo Sguardo” aims to investigate what still remains, and in which forms, of Pasolini’s geographies, thought, and work 40 years after his death. 
In an international perspective (we plan contributions in English, German, French, and Italian), and through interdisciplinary collaborations, the issue aims to promote contributions from a philosophical point of view, as well as from literary and movie criticisms, italianistics, and arts, in order to take stock of “Pasolini’s phenomenon” today.
Research Interests:
Il XIX numero de Lo Sguardo si propone il compito di indagare ciò che resta, e in che forma, delle “geografie pasoliniane” a 40 anni dalla morte dello scrittore, poeta, regista bolognese. Con un’ottica prevalentemente internazionale (sono... more
Il XIX numero de Lo Sguardo si propone il compito di indagare ciò che resta, e in che forma, delle “geografie pasoliniane” a 40 anni dalla morte dello scrittore, poeta, regista bolognese. Con un’ottica prevalentemente internazionale (sono previsti e incoraggiati interventi in lingua inglese, francese e tedesca, oltre che italiana) e interdisciplinare (il numero, prevalentemente a orientamento filosofico, si propone di ospitare interventi provenienti anche dal campo della critica letteraria, dell’italianistica, della critica cinematografica e delle arti) ci poniamo l’obiettivo di fare il punto sul “fenomeno-Pasolini” oggi.
Research Interests:
The soul, (if) possessed by animals, has been the issue of a lively gnoseological and semantic debate during the Renaissance. While in the Middle Age the attention was rather focused on the opposition between man and beast (the word... more
The soul, (if) possessed by animals, has been the issue of a lively gnoseological and semantic debate during the Renaissance. While in the Middle Age the attention was rather focused on the opposition between man and beast (the word “animal” is not commonly used), the status of the animal as a being provided with his own ontological and naturalistic domain become, during the Reinassance, the center of a strong debate, also related to ethical and anthropoloogical questions, inaugurating a new topic that will follow the development of the classical metaphysics until the the German idealistic thought of the Nineteenth Century. The present issue aims at investigating the theoretical consequences of the traits given to the animal by the philosophical inquiry from the 13th to the 19th Century.
Research Interests:
La questionne relativa all'anima degli animali è stata oggetto di una vasta indagine gnoseologica e semantica durante il Rinascimento. Se nel Medioevo l’attenzione risulta piuttosto focalizzata sull’opposizione tra uomo e bestia (la... more
La questionne relativa all'anima degli animali è stata oggetto di una vasta indagine gnoseologica e semantica durante il Rinascimento. Se nel Medioevo l’attenzione risulta piuttosto focalizzata sull’opposizione tra uomo e bestia (la parola “animale” non è, appunto, comunemente utilizzata), lo status dell’animale come creatura dotata di un suo proprio dominio ontologico e naturalistico diviene, fin dal Rinascimento, oggetto di un intenso dibattito, anche in relazione a etica e antropologia, inaugurando una discussione che accompagnerà la parabola della metafisica classica fino all’idealismo postkantiano. Il presente numero de Lo Sguardo intende indagare le conseguenze teoretiche e antropologiche delle caratteristiche attribuite agli animali dalla ricerca filosofica, nei secoli compresi tra il XIII e il XIX.
Research Interests:
The aim of the paper is to suggest a new ethical and individual form of political resistance. After a review of DarioGentili’s book "Italian theory. Dall’operaismo alla biopolitica", the essay retraces in its first part the political... more
The aim of the paper is to suggest a new ethical and individual form of political resistance. After a review of DarioGentili’s book "Italian theory. Dall’operaismo alla biopolitica", the essay retraces in its first part the political genealogy of the italian philosophical trend called “pensiero debole”, comparing it besides with the political and philosophical season of post-operaism. This comparison focuses in particular on the relation between the different positions of Pier Aldo Rovatti and Antonio Negri during the Seventies and the early Eighties. The second part of the essay expands some of the main philosophical themes of Rovatti’s “pensiero debole”, concentrating especially on the political aspects of Jacques Lacan’s and Michel Foucault’s thought. The philosophical question of the subject, according to the thought of the named authors, emerges at the end of the paper in its very political dimension.
Research Interests:
In the original Italian philosophical adventure of the last fifty years, the figure of Carlo Sini is certainly one of the most profound and fascinating. His education, begun following the Milanese teaching of Giovanni Emanuele Barié and... more
In the original Italian philosophical adventure of the last fifty years, the figure of Carlo Sini is certainly one of the most profound and fascinating. His education, begun following  the Milanese teaching of Giovanni Emanuele Barié and then of Enzo Paci, therefore between Kant, Hegel and Husserl, opens furthermore to various influences, from American Pragmatism to Nietzsche’s Genealogy, up to contemporary Hermeneutics. Starting from that, Sini has developed the perspective of the thought of the practices that, in the light of the difference between event and meaning, contemplated in an ethical sense, leads to  a result that doesn’t exclude the truth, in a relativistic direction. This instead opens up to difference and to the relationship of the future of the «errant planet» (the earth), accepting its Copernican fate. This perspective, provided by great theoretical sharpness, identifies Sini as one of the most interesting contemporary philosophers, and not only at a national level.
Research Interests:
In this paper we illustrate some of the theoretical fundamentals of the route nodes speculative Massimo Cacciari. How can you define the absolute singularity of the thing; what implies that the mere possibility is that from which it... more
In this paper we illustrate some of the theoretical fundamentals of the route nodes speculative Massimo Cacciari. How can you define the absolute singularity of the thing; what implies that the mere possibility is that from which it comes; what relation is given between the One and the negative of the world; what are the limits of logos: these and other issues are addressed from the last work of Cacciari, Maze philosophical, and in dialogue with thinkers like Heidegger and Severino, of which we show the similarities and differences with the theses of the Venetian philosopher.
Research Interests:
The aim of this paper is to illustrate the difference between Emanuele Severino’s philosophical discourse and that of Massimo Cacciari by analyzing those fundamental concepts – such as “Destino”, “Elenchos” and the Principle of... more
The aim of this paper is to illustrate the difference between Emanuele Severino’s philosophical discourse and that of Massimo Cacciari by analyzing those fundamental concepts – such as “Destino”, “Elenchos” and the Principle of non-contradiction (PDNC) – which are the core of their philosophies. We also propose this essay as an introduction to the complex interview with Emanuele Severino, also published on this issue, since it investigate the same range of philosophical themes.
Research Interests:
Italian contemporary philosophy is characterized by various forms of reaction to the “linguistic turn” which marked not only the analytic tradition, but also the continental one (structuralism, semiotics and hermeneutics). The... more
Italian contemporary philosophy is characterized by various forms of reaction to the “linguistic turn” which marked not only the analytic tradition, but also the continental one (structuralism, semiotics and hermeneutics). The philosophical (and anthropological) question that the “linguistic turn” leaves unanswered is: what is the nature of language? If language is the foundation of human nature, which is, in turn, the basis of language? The field that now opens itself is populated by those concepts that a philosophy centered on language completely has forgotten: body, life, animality. In this paper I try to delineate a philosophical route which starts from the “linguistic turn” and it arrives to the Deleuzian concept of “immanence”.
Research Interests:
In this paper, I discuss some of Esposito’s reflections on biopolitics in order to contribute to a better understanding of this matter. In my view, Roberto Esposito’s theorization on this subject cannot be fully understood without taking... more
In this paper, I discuss some of Esposito’s reflections on biopolitics in order to contribute to a better understanding of this matter. In my view, Roberto Esposito’s theorization on this subject cannot be fully understood without taking into consideration his view on modern political philosophy, the need to deconstruct the hegemonic immunitary paradigm that negates life in order to protect it, and the persistence of theologico-political apparatuses that separate life in zones of different value. Therefore, Esposito will deconstruct political philosophy and develop a genealogical research on modern biopolitics that has immunization as hermeneutic key. Furthermore, theologico-political dispositives like personhood imply a form of violent immunization. Now, if life has to be immunized in order to be preserved, it is also on this ground that a new philosophy of the common can emerge. In this sense, Esposito elaborates a philosophy of the third person or the Impersonal, both within Life and Thought, as a way out from the Immunitarian stance that sacrifices Life to its own preservation. The reach of this proposal will be discussed in the last part of the paper.
Research Interests:
The Italian thought is a philosophy of impure reason, which takes into account the conditions, imperfections and possibilities of the world. The core of his tradition consists in a civil vocation, choosing as objects of investigation... more
The Italian thought is a philosophy of impure reason, which takes into account the conditions, imperfections and possibilities of the world. The core of his tradition consists in a civil vocation, choosing as objects of investigation life, history and politics, in search of “the effective truth of things” (Machiavelli). The audience of the italian philosophers are not the specialists, but all their compatriots, as well as everyone else. That also because they are often exiles, from Giordano Bruno to Antonio Gramsci, with a cosmopolitian vocation. Thus the question of the “common”, thematized by the contemporary italian philosophy, reverse itself in that of the “goodbye to community”, and to the irreversible past
Research Interests:
What is Topology? The interview revolves around this concept, which first of all - according to Vitiello - points to a practice of thinking before than an hermeneutic theory. “Which ethos belongs to topology?” is the question which... more
What is Topology? The interview revolves around this concept, which first of all - according to Vitiello - points to a practice of thinking before than an hermeneutic theory. “Which ethos belongs to topology?” is the question which Vitiello raises. This point concerns the status of this prospective: which is the responsibility of philosophy if not to focus on the relationship of philosophical, moral and political thought with its own limit?
Research Interests:
In this interview we asked Professor Severino, one of the major contemporary Italian philosophers, to investigate aspects of his research regarding the relationship between ontology and philosophy of language. From his theoretical point... more
In this interview we asked Professor Severino, one of the major contemporary Italian philosophers, to investigate aspects of his research regarding the relationship between ontology and philosophy of language. From his theoretical point of view we have investigated some of the central themes of the philosophical speculation suche as the nature of will, the structure of identity and the matter of what is the truths.
Research Interests:
Starting from her last book Il Postumano. La vita oltre l’individuo, oltre la specie, oltre la morte, Rosi Braidotti outlines new modes of relation between zoe and bios, life and death, subject and technologically mediated societies,... more
Starting from her last book Il Postumano. La vita oltre l’individuo, oltre la specie, oltre la morte, Rosi Braidotti outlines new modes of relation between zoe and bios, life and death, subject and technologically mediated societies, monism and differences. Rather than perceiving the post-human condition as a crisis or a loss, Braidotti argues that it is an opportunity and a challenge for new ethical and social forms of bonding.
Research Interests:
The aim of this interview is to analyze, on the one side, the relationship between Franco Berardi’s thought and the most significant moments in his intellectual profile, with its permanent exchange with the political, intellectual and... more
The aim of this interview is to analyze, on the one side, the relationship between Franco Berardi’s thought and the most significant moments in his intellectual profile, with its permanent exchange with the political, intellectual and artistic milieu. On the other side, it is taken into account the relationship between Berardi’s thought and that group of theories and critical reflections that are currently known as Italian Theory.
Research Interests:
The conversation focuses on the social and political role of the philosopher nowadays. Pier Aldo Rovatti discusses about the growing philosophical movement called “Italian Theory” while revisiting his own recent intellectual path. The... more
The conversation focuses on the social and political role of the philosopher nowadays. Pier Aldo Rovatti discusses about the growing philosophical movement called “Italian Theory” while revisiting his own recent intellectual path. The italian philosopher retraces the cultural experience of the “pensiero debole”, whereof he has been one of the two promoters, and underlines the intellectual and political fight, against all the so-called universal truths (and ideological violences), inspired by this philosophical trend at the beginning of the Eighties. The interview ends with a discussion about the dawning perspectives of the political-philosophical action in the post-modern age.
Research Interests:
Here we present a conversation among three of the leading representatives of the Italian Theory. Roberto Esposito, Dario Gentili and Giacomo Marramao talk about the philosophical meaning of the “Italian Theory”, its roots in the tradition... more
Here we present a conversation among three of the leading representatives of the Italian Theory. Roberto Esposito, Dario Gentili and Giacomo Marramao talk about the philosophical meaning of the “Italian Theory”, its roots in the tradition and the expected results for the cultural debate in Italy and abroad.
Research Interests:
Taking the cue from a reading of Agamben’s essay Nudity (2009), the text analyses the most famous notion of his vocabulary, «bare» or «naked life», and attempts to understand the meaning of life’s ‘nudity’ within the whole project begun... more
Taking the cue from a reading of Agamben’s essay Nudity (2009), the text analyses the most famous notion of his vocabulary, «bare» or «naked life», and attempts to understand the meaning of life’s ‘nudity’ within the whole project begun with Homo Sacer. By attempting to disclose and deactivate the theological signature that determines, in our culture, the concept of ‘nudity’ in exclusively privative terms, Nudity provides both an instrument for the analysis of life’s nudity in the sovereign ban, and the model for a philosophical practice structured on a ‘denudation’ of the signatures and apparatuses which determine and imprison our life
Research Interests:
The legendary encounter at Davos (1929) between Ernst Cassirer and Martin Heidegger may be recognized as the crucial point in the "afterlife" of Dilthey's philosophy. Starting from the emblematic confrontation of phenomenology and... more
The legendary encounter at Davos (1929) between Ernst Cassirer and Martin Heidegger may be recognized as the crucial point in the "afterlife" of Dilthey's philosophy. Starting from the emblematic confrontation of phenomenology and Neo-Kantianism as to the "essence of philosophy", the present study first enquires after some surprising aspects of a "critique of historical reason" on either side, before moving on to tensions and dissonances. Behind the surface matter of proper Kant-exegesis there is the deeper issue of myth and language, yielding eventually a short meditation upon the Diltheyan concept of "structure" in the light of 20th-century structuralism.
Research Interests:
Despite the usual genealogies of hermeneutics, Heidegger’s appropriation of Dilthey’s philosophy only deals marginally with hermeneutics. Nevertheless, this paper aims to shed light on elements in favour of an implicit continuity in... more
Despite the usual genealogies of hermeneutics, Heidegger’s appropriation of Dilthey’s philosophy only deals marginally with hermeneutics. Nevertheless, this paper aims to shed light on elements in favour of an implicit continuity in hermeneutics from Dilthey to Heidegger. Against the general background of the conception of life as self-interpretation, which allows the ontological radicalisation of Dilthey’s hermeneutical concepts, some diltheyan historical and aesthetical paradigms prove to be at work in Heidegger’s first phenomenology of life. “Destruction” itself, the very core of Heidegger’s concept of hermeneutics, can be partially traced back to diltheyan sources.
Research Interests:
This essay aims to use Dilthey’s notion of structure to understand the human condition in the age of the Web 2.0. Dilthey is the philosopher of the «connection (Zusammenhang)» and the «structure (Struktur)». Hence, his perspective seems... more
This essay aims to use Dilthey’s notion of structure to understand the human condition in the age of the Web 2.0. Dilthey is the philosopher of the «connection (Zusammenhang)» and the «structure (Struktur)». Hence, his perspective seems to be useful to understand the actual world’s global connectivity. The argument is developed in five sections. In the first section, the author gives a brief account of the status quaestionis. The second section considers Diltheyan definitions of the Individuum as «crossroad (Kreuzungspunkt)» of connections. In the third section, the Diltheyan notion of connection is seen from a wider point of view. The fourth section is devoted to the limits of the historical and social structure of life. In the last section Diltheyan meta-philosophy is faced as a new kind of hermeneutics, a hermeneutics 2.0 grasping the whole (multi-tasking, multi-cultural and multi-sided) life.
Research Interests:
If one wants to read Dilthey’s structural thinking after structuralistic, post- structuralistic and archeological philosophies, it can be interesting a comparison of it with Michel Foucault’s thought. In spite of their differences,... more
If one wants to read Dilthey’s structural thinking after structuralistic, post- structuralistic and archeological philosophies, it can be interesting a comparison of it with Michel Foucault’s thought. In spite of their differences, Dilthey and Foucault have in common some important questions and topics: the reconstruction of the history of human sciences in relation to the aim of the foundation (Dilthey) or of the archeology (Foucault) of knowledge, the link between philosophy and history and the significance that both philosophers ascribe to anthropology in modern and contemporary philosophy. Like Dilthey, Foucault tries through his archeological and genealogical method to transform the Kantian a priori in a historical and empirical one. And like Dilthey (and Nietzsche), he considers man as historical being. Unlike Dilthey, Foucault aims to overcome anthropology as a vision which close subjectivity in the structure of human nature but he considers anthropology as a key question of modernity; Dilthey sees anthropology – as a grounding dimension of critique of historical reason – in the light of the principle of life’s inscrutability (Unergründlichkeit), which excludes every metaphysical determination of human nature. And if Foucault rejects every form of transcendental philosophy by setting and decentering subjectivity within the ensemble of discursive practices, Dilthey understands the origin of knowledge – the life-nexus – as a open and dynamic structure.
Research Interests:
This contribution deals with the controversy between the phsychologist Herman Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) and Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) on the status of psychology at the time when it began to be inspired by the model of naturalsciences.... more
This contribution deals with the controversy between the phsychologist Herman Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) and Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) on the status of psychology at the time when it began to be inspired by the model of naturalsciences. This controversy, which lies within the broader context of the debate that took place in Germany in the second half of the nineteenth century on the status of the natural and human sciences, shows many points in common with the current debate on neo- reductionism. The current “neuromania”, i.e. the tendency to reduce the productions of mind to neurological processes of the brain, proposes arguments that have their roots in the never-resolved debate in the nineteenth century. The author wants to highlight that the misconceptions and misunderstandings that characterized the dialogue between scientists and philosophers at the time of Dilthey are reflected in the current comparison between neo-reductionists and supporters of the irreducibility of the spiritual to the natural.
Research Interests:
In recent years, authors like Chebanov, Markŏs, and Ginev have attempted to implement hermeneutic categories in the domain of biology. Against this background, the author takes Dilthey’s scattered remarks on the notion of the organic and... more
In recent years, authors like Chebanov, Markŏs, and Ginev have attempted to implement hermeneutic categories in the domain of biology. Against this background, the author takes
Dilthey’s scattered remarks on the notion of the organic and Plessner’s biophilosophy as his starting point for the  development of a biohermeneutical theory of biological purposiveness, which aims at bridging the gulf between the natural and the human sciences. Whereas the natural and human sciences are closely connected with a third-person
and a first-person perspective respectively, the author argues that the second-person perspective plays a crucial role in the life sciences. In opposition to the natural sciences, in which causality is the key notion, and the human sciences, which rest on the notion of meaning, the author argues that the central concepts that characterize the second-person perspective of the life sciences are  functionality and intentionality.
Research Interests:
In his « Ideas for a Descriptive and Analytic Psychology » Dilthey thinks of the psychic nexus or Lebenszusammenhang as a purposive nexus, and I shall first investigate the meaning of this notion; but as psychic nexus refers in this essay... more
In his « Ideas for a Descriptive and Analytic Psychology » Dilthey thinks of the psychic nexus or Lebenszusammenhang as a purposive nexus, and I shall first investigate the meaning of this notion; but as psychic nexus refers in this essay not only to human but more widely to animal psyche, how should we understand this purposiveness? In his last work Dilthey uses another word than purposiveness or Zweckmäßigkeit: the word Zielstrebigkeit which was borrowed from the biologist Karl von Baer und which means a strive without any consciousness. The third and last part of this paper invites to consider a key concept of Jakob von Uexküll, which gives perhaps the possibility to go beyond the “nexus”: the concept of Komposition.
Research Interests:
Is it possible to build a system in philosophy? According to Dilthey, the historical « world view » (Weltanschauung) is a way to understand the human knowledge, including philosophy. This way provides a freedom to think by destroying... more
Is it possible to build a system in philosophy? According to Dilthey, the historical « world view » (Weltanschauung) is a way to understand the human knowledge, including philosophy. This way provides a freedom to think by destroying every a priori. As a result of this historical manner to do philosophy, it seems, though, to be impossible to find any unhistorical ground. Should philosophy renounce once and for all to search any truth about the world ? Should we not be afraid ? Reading Dilthey with Anders (1902-1992), who studied with Husserl and Heidegger, could help us to solve the problem: the philosophy should be « grounded » on contingency, circumstances and insignificance – and by this way, it becomes a « prognostic hermeneutic » – otherwise we are condemned to describe some old systems, which are perpetually falling into disuse.
Research Interests:
For Dilthey, as for many intellectuals of his time, it is no more possible, after the kantian criticism in ontology and the growth of the historical consciousness, to give an absolute credence to the validity of synthetic metaphysical... more
For Dilthey, as for many intellectuals of his time, it is no more possible, after the kantian criticism in ontology and the growth of the historical consciousness, to give an absolute credence to the validity of synthetic metaphysical systems neither to the large cosmological, psychological and theological tales. But Dilthey is not a “post- metaphysical” philosopher. The aim of this paper is to show, by contrast and comparison with Franz Rosenzweig and Karl Löwith’s writings, that for Dilthey, the tragic element in the structure of the human life can be thought under two main aspects. The first is an epistemological one, concerning the historical and geographical limitation of the points of view, the transcendentals not only in the intellectualist Kantian meaning but on top of that in the vitalist Diltheyian meaning. It can be partially treated with the descriptive method and the narrative form of the sciences of mind. The second aspect is an existential one, inherent to the ambivalence, the contingency and the finitude of the individual life. Remedies to this last are the hermeneutical methods of the others individual lives.
Research Interests:
This essay considers Dilthey’s Weltanschauungslehre as a problematic result of his investigations on the constitution of the human sciences. The author highlights Dilthey’s main arguments in favor of the specificity of history and... more
This essay considers Dilthey’s Weltanschauungslehre as a problematic result of his investigations on the constitution of the human sciences. The author highlights Dilthey’s main arguments in favor of the specificity of history and humanities. Moreover, the paper’s shows Dilthey’s attempt to find a balance between the instances of the individual and the need of universalisation that characterizes human knowledge.
Research Interests:
In this paper, we start from the definition of understanding as Zusammenhang. We show that it is accomplished, based on the psychic structure, in the movement towards totalizing understanding through various levels, from our first reports... more
In this paper, we start from the definition of understanding as Zusammenhang. We show that it is accomplished, based on the psychic structure, in the movement towards totalizing understanding through various levels, from our first reports to the world until the worldviews that reflects the philosophy of philosophy. The analysis of the structure of these conceptions which stabilize our relation to the world is not without difficulties, and the theory of worldviews is presented as an often ambivalent theory of understanding and interpretation : it actually reflects the contradiction between the need for stability, part of metaphysical impetus, and radical historicization, which gives an "insoluble contradiction", the "contradiction between the claim of universal validity for each worldview and for life, and the historical consciousness.
Research Interests:
The paper investigates Dilthey’s hermeneutic conception of understanding with regard to the question of the human sciences (Geisteswissenschaften), and analyses his path-breaking work as the first elaboration of a dualistic account in... more
The paper investigates Dilthey’s hermeneutic conception of understanding with regard to the question of the human sciences (Geisteswissenschaften), and analyses his path-breaking work as the first elaboration of a dualistic account in philosophy of science. Although not having reached a satisfying version of his approach, Dilthey opened with the distinction between natural sciences and human sciences an ongoing discussion on the unity or plurality of what might be called “science”. I follow in the paper how Dilthey developed in his later writings a hermeneutics designed to give epistemological foundations for human sciences. Afterwards, I explore the work of Dilthey by relating it to the philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer which can be analyzed partly as continuation, partly as critique of Dilthey’s philosophical project. I shall argue for the claim that Gadamer gives a deeper image of human sciences, while renouncing to grasp them in terms of their scientific character.
Research Interests:
In this paper I undertake an interpretation of the concept of memory in the work of Wilhelm Dilthey and of its role in the framework of his theory of history. Through analysis of the concept of memory, Dilthey interweaves the complex... more
In this paper I undertake an interpretation of the concept of memory in the work of Wilhelm Dilthey and of its role in the framework of his theory of history.  Through analysis of the concept of memory, Dilthey interweaves the complex levels of personal biography, group interaction and historical life-experience.  According to my argument, it is in this capacity that memory, for Dilthey, stands at the center of the more general problem of the cohesion and continuity of history.
Research Interests:
This short article by Jean Paul Malrieu is the core of an interview starting from his book La science gouvernée. Essai sur le triangle science/technique/pouvoir. Professor Malrieu, physicist and quantum chemist of great importance,... more
This short article by Jean Paul Malrieu is the core of an interview starting from his book La science gouvernée. Essai sur le triangle science/technique/pouvoir. Professor Malrieu, physicist and quantum chemist of great importance, insists on the nerve centres of the twine in institutionalized power and democratic regimes, that non only coexist but also reveal their collusion in a paradoxical system. This twine produces an ambiguous dialogue between science (that inquires into the “why”) and technique (whic search for the answer about the “how”), in a dangerous perspective of continuity between homo faber and human improvement.
Research Interests:
The general aim of this text is to propose an engineering to deconstruct/build power devices. This engineering is based on a model that distinguishes and makes explicit three levels in the power devices. The first level is that of... more
The general aim of this text is to propose an engineering to deconstruct/build power devices. This engineering is based on a model that distinguishes and makes explicit three levels in the power devices. The first level is that of standards governing concrete economic life. The second level is that of principles guiding standards and establishing their conceptual and methodological framework. The third level refers to worldviews underlying the principles and standards: the doxai. The political object "enterprise" is taken as illustration. This object is first deconstructed, and then reconstructed according to an alternative doxa. The text emphasizes the importance of institutions that design and produce dominant doxai and instruments through which they materialize.
Research Interests:
The paper addresses the transcendence of political organizations adopting an anthropological perspectives. In contexts in which power is grounded in society the latter tends to be formed by the synergy of multiple and hybrid identities.... more
The paper addresses the transcendence of political organizations adopting an anthropological perspectives. In contexts in which power is grounded in society the latter tends to be formed by the synergy of multiple and hybrid identities. When power becomes concentrated in institutional government, and thus becomes transcendental, identity is progressively codified and standardized. I argue that representative democracy has failed to resolve the transcendental dimension of government, as evidence from contemporary Italy shows. Emerging social movements, on the contrary, tend to root power in a polyphonic and heterogeneous social body.
Research Interests:
This short essay will briefly review the reflections of Nicos Poulantzas in his book State, Power, Socialism (1978), focusing on the issue of intellectual work, understood as a practice of knowledge (science, organizational skills,... more
This short essay will briefly review the reflections of Nicos Poulantzas in his book State, Power, Socialism (1978), focusing on the issue of intellectual work, understood as a practice of knowledge (science, organizational skills, technical “know-how”), that inseparably accompanies the exercise of the power. This issue involves directly into question both the studies of Antonio Gramsci, on the figure of the intellectual, and the contributions on the analytics of the power, provided by Michel Foucault in the late 70s, to which Poulantzas himself refers. At the end of this writing we will try to draw conclusions to determine the role of the intellectual in the contemporary society, starting from the analysis of the examined thinkers, according to their theoretical coordinates.
Research Interests:
The paper deals with the analysis of the theme of power in Giorgio Agamben’s philosophy. In The Kingdom and the Glory Agamben interprets Glory as the fundamental apparatus of power languages, an empty center around which the western... more
The paper deals with the analysis of the theme of power in Giorgio Agamben’s philosophy. In The Kingdom and the Glory Agamben interprets Glory as the fundamental apparatus of power languages, an empty center around which the western governamental machine works. The Glory is the transcendental of power, the device by which auctoritas and potestas are articulated. Therefore, Glory is the foundation of modern consensual democracies. In this sense mass-media are modern devices of power glorification. To deconstruct western governamental machine is necessary to show the role of Glory as a practice of legitimateness of power.
Research Interests:
The concept of popular sovereignty establishes the ground for the study of Costitutional Right: concerning the in-force power, has it to be undertood starting from an inner perspective or from an outer one? By discerning the writing of a... more
The concept of popular sovereignty establishes the ground for the study of Costitutional Right: concerning the in-force power, has it to be undertood starting from an inner perspective or from an outer one? By discerning the writing of a law-text from its reading, this article moves from the ermeneutical understanding of the constitution that will affect the typing of the sovereign identity. The text aims to locate the core moment of the transition from an idea of early sovereign to the realization of an original one.
Research Interests:
Since the XIXth century Industrial Revolution, modern technology has become a power which not only transforms our world but produces it. In other words, technology is now a political power. It is becoming a factor of strangeness whereas... more
Since the XIXth century Industrial Revolution, modern technology has become a power which not only transforms our world but produces it. In other words, technology is now a political power. It is becoming a factor of strangeness whereas human beings are more and more strangers in this world, more and more "obsolescent" (Günther Anders). In this paper, we will try to define the main characteristics of this technological strangeness process which erases the imprint of the humankind on the world.
Research Interests:
In contrast with the Aristotelian tradition, Machiavelli holds that the purpose of «customs» and «institutions» is not to make it possible for the internal end of human beings, that is life according to reason and virtue, to be fulfilled.... more
In contrast with the Aristotelian tradition, Machiavelli holds that the purpose of «customs» and «institutions» is not to make it possible for the internal end of human beings, that is life according to reason and virtue, to be fulfilled. It is instead possible, through crafty strategies aiming at taking advantage of the inevitably selfish mainsprings of individuals, to «correct» the results of the «insatiable human appetites». Politics then becomes the art of «correcting» men in order to adapt them to an ideal entailing an apparent violence to their identity.
Research Interests:
At the core of this interview is the last publication of Roberto Esposito, titled “Due. La macchina della teologia politica e il posto del pensiero”. Starting from the book, the discussion focuses on the topics of economic and political... more
At the core of this interview is the last publication of Roberto Esposito, titled “Due. La macchina della teologia politica e il posto del pensiero”. Starting from the book, the discussion focuses on the topics of economic and political theology; the relationship between this book ant Esposito's previous work; the inclusion of "Due" in the Italian philosophical discussion as well as in the international debate on the problems arising from debt theme.
Research Interests:
Since the development of mass society and despite of its quantitative enlargement public opinion has been losing its vital critical function which is deemed to constitute the very basis of political legitimacy. This paper aims at... more
Since the development of mass society and despite of its quantitative enlargement public opinion has been losing its vital critical function which is deemed to constitute the very basis of political legitimacy. This paper aims at analysing the relevance of the political theorisations of Gramsci and Ortega y Gasset – radically different in their fundamental assumptions but attentive to the same problems – concerning the role of intellectual activity as a necessary means for shaping an informed public opinion which could guarantee the effective practice of a responsible democracy. Thus, it will be proved that solely through a reconsideration of the role of education within society it could be assigned a specific leading role to intellectuals in politics.
Research Interests:
In this paper I will analyze contemporary image technologies starting from the phenomenological theory of image. Husserl’s conceptual system does not fit with contemporary images, because of their peculiar technical nature. The... more
In this paper I will analyze contemporary image technologies starting from the phenomenological theory of image. Husserl’s conceptual system does not fit with contemporary images, because of their peculiar technical nature. The phenomenological theory of image is based on an essential assumption: perception is an intuitive act, therefore in perceptual experience there is no mediation; on the contrary image consciousness (that is the experience of perceiving something through an image) always implies a mediation. This essential phenomenological distinction is precisely what contemporary images deny. Moreover technical features of contemporary images produce not only theoretical but also political concerns. Images have power; but the power of contemporary image technologies is deeply ambiguous.
Research Interests:
The contemporary society is very different from the previous ones, but sign these differences a discontinuity between the contemporary one and the previous societies, or are the changes, although deep, contained into the same line of... more
The contemporary society is very different from the previous ones, but sign these differences a discontinuity between the contemporary one and the previous societies, or are the changes, although deep, contained into the same line of development? And so, mark the contemporary Western democracies a discontinuity with the totalitarianism of the last century, or are them different in the proceedings but not in purposes? In other words, live we really in a post-ideological era or not? And whether not, which is the form of the current ideology and its framework? Trying to answer to these issues, that are essentially a question of “power”, is useful delineate a possible theory of the social transition and analyze if changes are essential or just formal – a sort of upgrade of the domination of man by man and by nature. Developing this reasoning will be taken in consideration, integrating each other, the political theory and the moral philosophy of Th.-W. Adorno, M. Foucault, J. Habermas, M. Horkheimer, H. Marcuse, A. Negri, P.P. Pasolini, in order to disclose a critical way for observing reality and its main phenomena.
Research Interests:
Famously, Foucault claimed that Bentham's Panopticon is the model of modern disciplinary society. Foucault put Bentham's project of a new penitentiary at the centre stage of his exposition of the birth of biopolitics. This article focuses... more
Famously, Foucault claimed that Bentham's Panopticon is the model of modern disciplinary society. Foucault put Bentham's project of a new penitentiary at the centre stage of his exposition of the birth of biopolitics. This article focuses on Foucault's conception of power as a ubiquitous relation , where governors and subjects are fading, and resistance is the counterpart of power. It is claimed that going beyond the Panopticon, a similar conception of power could be found in Bentham's writings on law and constitutional theory. Accordingly, Foucault's conception of power can be found in, and reconciled with, a different framework, at the service of a liberal-democratic conception of State and society.
Research Interests:
Can we compare Robespierre’s and Machiavelli’s thinking ? Robespierre himself spoke in various occasions of Machiavelli as a model for tyranny, despotism, evil in ethics and politics - just the contrary for the conduct he praised during... more
Can we compare Robespierre’s and Machiavelli’s thinking ? Robespierre himself spoke in various occasions of Machiavelli as a model for tyranny, despotism, evil in ethics and politics - just the contrary for the conduct he praised during the French Revolution. Nevertheless, some aspects of the Robespierrist discourse (especially during the spring of 1794) can evoke Machiavelli : the “return to basic principles” is a necessity for the collective salvation, the worship of “l’Etre Suprême” is essential in the life of a Republic ( a”vertuous republic” according to Maximilien Robespierre). Concerning this point, civic religion, Robespierre knew very well the page by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the quotation made by him of Machiavelli’s Discorsi. So, it can be fruitful to give an interpretation of the famous cult celebrating the Supreme Being and the immortality of the soul, in the French context as much as in the Machiavellian perspective.
Research Interests:
In his Tractatus de legibus Suárez describes the promulgatio as a switch which allows the law “circulate” its effect. Differently form the thomistic theory, wherein individuals per se are immediately and “neatly” subjected to the law,... more
In his Tractatus de legibus Suárez describes the promulgatio as a switch which allows the law “circulate” its effect. Differently form the thomistic theory, wherein individuals per se are immediately and “neatly” subjected to the law, conceived as a direct emanation of the eternal law of God, according to Suàres promulgatio is an element of deordinatio. The difficulty does not concern the collocation of the authority, but that of its subject, the latter having to be able to receive it responsibly and with right and proper means. But what would happen if...
Research Interests:
Caterina Sforza’s fame as ruler of the small territories of Imola and Forlì in the late fifteenth-century has persisted over the centuries. Yet her fame has shifted and changed with the Niccolò Machiavelli’s comments on her life greatly... more
Caterina Sforza’s fame as ruler of the small territories of Imola and Forlì in the late fifteenth-century has persisted over the centuries. Yet her fame has shifted and changed with the Niccolò Machiavelli’s comments on her life greatly affected her reputation. Her powerful Medici descendants further tempered her legend without diminishing her fame. The various levels of archival traces for Sforza’s life and legend present a remarkable example of how accretions of information and interpretation become history.
Research Interests:
The late thought of Jacques Derrida identifies a number of doubles: law and justice, absolute and conditional hospitality, democracy and democracy-to-come. Justice, for example, is the larger principle to which the law aspires, but... more
The late thought of Jacques Derrida identifies a number of doubles: law and justice, absolute and conditional hospitality, democracy and democracy-to-come. Justice, for example, is the larger principle to which the law aspires, but justice will always remain in excess of law. Justice both makes law possible by providing it with its meaning, but it also makes law impossible by setting up an aspiration that the law can never meet. On the one hand, the law comes into being only in response to justice, but the only existence justice has is by way of law. Normally, justice is seen as the larger, unconditional phenomenon that the law constricts violently by narrowing and reducing it. This paper argues that violence does not only reside on the side of constriction in Derrida, but that unconditionality is itself always a principle of violence. Indeed constriction and unconditionality work togther insperably even as they challenge and defy one another. By connecting these themes with Bataille's theory of sovereignty, this paper explores the horizons of violence in Derrida's political thinking.
Research Interests:
The aim of this work is to enquire the theoretical instances and the conceptual frameworks around which Foucault defines the function of the Intellectual and its peculiar oscillation between specialization and universalism. So I examine... more
The aim of this work is to enquire the theoretical instances and the conceptual frameworks around which Foucault defines the function of the Intellectual and its peculiar oscillation between specialization and universalism. So I examine the archaeological prospect of investigation on knowledge structures, the genealogical prospect of study of power relations and the relationship between regimes of truth and power relations on the background of an 'ontology of contingency'.
Research Interests:
Sovereignty, originally conceived of in all its majesty as an abstraction, is being demythologized. This process of demystification – or de-deification, whereby power is no longer conceived of simply within its legal entity, but in the... more
Sovereignty, originally conceived of in all its majesty as an abstraction, is being demythologized. This process of demystification – or de-deification, whereby power is no longer conceived of simply within its legal entity, but in the context of its political plurality – is making way for a more functional and material notion of sovereignty: both within the domestic context, through the development of decentralization, federalism and participatory mechanisms as symptoms of the multiplication of decision-making centres; and within the supranational context, through the emergence of ideas of shared sovereignty, governance and cosmopolitanism. This new approach reveals a less vertical concept of sovereign power and a more concrete view of its stakeholders – the people – raising the issue of the maintenance the privileged link between sovereignty and the nation state.
Research Interests:
Did Descartes ever develop a political thought of his own? This question, still open in the field of cartesian studies, is maybe doomed to remain without a definitive answer, mainly because of the lack of a specific work dedicated by him... more
Did Descartes ever develop a political thought of his own? This question, still open in the field of cartesian studies, is maybe doomed to remain without a definitive answer, mainly because of the lack of a specific work dedicated by him to politics. Nevertheless, we have a long letter to Princess Elisabeth in which the french philosopher, starting from his reading of Machiavelli's masterpiece, Il Principe, discusses political matters, and especially the political instruments that a good prince should use in order to guarantee stability to his reign. The present essay deals with it, exploring the possibility that Descartes might have been trying to outline in that text the main features of a political anthropology, founding it on the universal anthropology of passions that he was developing in those years.
Research Interests:
The article deals with the position of Francisco de Vitoria and Francisco Suárez concerning the political power as superiorem non recognoscens. The author’s aims are to prove that that principle belongs in fact to their political... more
The article deals with the position of Francisco de Vitoria and Francisco Suárez concerning the political power as superiorem non recognoscens. The author’s aims are to prove that that principle belongs in fact to their political philosophy, and to understand the sense and foundations of their political independence’s notion.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Lawyers usually consider that space is divided into two spheres: the private sphere and the public sphere. But it’s actually a tripartition. Private sphere is about protection of privacy and public sphere about neutrality and “laïcité”.... more
Lawyers usually consider that space is divided into two spheres: the private sphere and the public sphere. But it’s actually a tripartition. Private sphere is about protection of privacy and public sphere about neutrality and “laïcité”. But between the two of them, there is the public space, that of squares, streets, stadiums, theatres, etc. This space must be mainly ruled by “civility”, a social counterweight raised in the XVIth century against the modern state, and not by state rules. The decline of civility benefits the state, which takes advantage of it to cut down liberties, with the consent of the citizens.
Research Interests:
The first part of the paper places Augustine’s and Ricœur’s reflections on evil and textual hermeneutics in their right perspective. The hypothesis is that they both try to articulate an exegetical method through the true «thing of the... more
The first part of the paper places Augustine’s and Ricœur’s reflections on evil and textual hermeneutics in their right perspective. The hypothesis is that they both try to articulate an exegetical method through the true «thing of the text» and that their notion of evil is precisely the paradigm of such a «thing». In the second part it is argued that Augustine’s and Ricœur’s hermeneutics move along opposite directions, from allegorical interpretation to allegorical expression in the first case, from symbols to narrations in the second case. The last part is devoted to the problem of evil in order to show how, beyond all criticism, Ricœur shares and radicalizes the Augustinian position. Once the two opposite hermeneutics have been tested on the benchmark of the shared concept of evil, it is shown that Augustine is somehow more consistent than Ricœur in thinking the hermeneutics of evil.
Research Interests:
In this work I put forward a comparison between Paul Ricœur’s and Ernst Bloch’s thought, that is affected by their cultural background : Ricœur belongs to the Christian Protestant faith, instead Bloch practices a critical Marxist theory.... more
In this work I put forward a comparison between Paul Ricœur’s and Ernst Bloch’s thought, that is affected by their cultural background : Ricœur belongs to the Christian Protestant faith, instead Bloch practices a critical Marxist theory. They share two main basic themes: the utopian hope and the issue about religion, but their analyses imply different philosophical thesis. Ricœur highlights the unfathomable novelty on the horizon of the utopian hope, on the other hand Bloch encloses it within an ideological prospect. About religion they don’t agree either. I point out this paradox: Ricœur, who is a religious believer, draws a distinction between religion and philosophy , whereas Bloch, who is a Marxist, states that the atheist is a good Christian and that the Marxist thought could inherit the genuine religion. Finally, both philosophers theorize about the ‘not-yet ontology’ referred to utopian hope and religion, but their theories take different pathways.
Research Interests:
Psychoanalysis is the science of observing the facts of our inner selves. The distinguishing paradox of its epistemological profile is synthesized in the impossibility for these facts to directly emerge to the conscience, though also to... more
Psychoanalysis is the science of observing the facts of our inner selves. The distinguishing paradox of its epistemological profile is synthesized in the impossibility for these facts to directly emerge to the conscience, though also to be denied: human depth is strangely evident and hidden at once. The intent of this article consists in deepening the paradoxical sense of Freud’s science, first of all through the analytical and critical reading that Paul Ricoeur has handed down us with his work, De l’interprétation. Essai sur Freud (1965); besides, it deals with establishing that the hermeneutical function alone is one hand necessary to bring the so-called energetic existential out, while also insufficient to thoroughly account for it; indeed, a further epistemological function is needed capable of establishing its existence, prior to the necessary –though always subordinate- dimension of sense: yet through Ricoeur’s philosophy and, specifically, through the faculty of attestation, we could try to resolve the linguistic deficiency of psychoanalysis.
Research Interests:
In Paul Ricœur’s Parcours de la reconnaissance, the interest for Recognition as an epistemological and, above all, ethical category derives, as in Honneth, by the fact that it seems to be able to go beyond the two principal moments of the... more
In Paul Ricœur’s Parcours de la reconnaissance, the interest for Recognition as an epistemological and, above all, ethical category derives, as in Honneth, by the fact that it seems to be able to go beyond the two principal moments of the otherness: Ego and Alter, by integrating them in the intersubjective relationship. But Ricœur’s problem is how to save the reciprocity of Recognition without inherently annulling, the otherness. In order to solve it, the French philosopher follows Honneth in his “post-metaphysical” reconstruction of the Hegelian Anerkennung. Still, he does not follow him completely. Starting from his critic to the presumed mauvais infini, that Ricœur blames in Honneth’s Strength for Recognition, and from the multiple ways in which, in his work, otherness and reciprocity are declined, we will try to strengthen the Recognition theory and, in some way, to rethink it differently from the meaning that both authors gave to it. How to effectively and adequately integrate the otherness in a Recognition theory whose goal is social criticism? This is the question we aim to answer to.
Research Interests:
The question of personal identity is an essential topic of Ricoeur's hermeneutics. Working on his theory of narrative identity, Ricoeur frequently refers to Arendt's reflections on narration, in particular those contained in The Human... more
The question of personal identity is an essential topic of Ricoeur's hermeneutics. Working on his theory of narrative identity, Ricoeur frequently refers to Arendt's reflections on narration, in particular those contained in The Human Condition. His discussion of Arendt's thought constitutes, therefore, a starting point from which to shape his own theory of the self. This paper aims to analyze both Ricoeur's and Arendt's notions of narration and narrative identity. First, it compares the parallel approaches the two authors hold toward narration. For Arendt narration is mostly a storytelling performance on the public domain, about the life of someone, whose meaning is established for those who remain. Ricoeur, on the other hand, stresses the hermeneutic function of narration and narration as a text. He argues that both these elements allow to understand the life of characters and to give a new configuration to one's own identity. Eventually, this paper claims that these different notions of narration bring Ricoeur and Arendt to highlight two different impacts of narrative identity, respectively ethical and political. Such a comparison enables us to focus on personal identity in a more comprehensive sense.
Research Interests:
In this paper, I intend to compare Ricoeur's thought about sollicitude and the role of the pitié in Rousseau's moral and political philosophy. This comparison can further enrich the reflection on the social link, an important topic in... more
In this paper, I intend to compare Ricoeur's thought about sollicitude and the role of the pitié in Rousseau's moral and political philosophy. This comparison can further enrich the reflection on the social link, an important topic in many debates about the crisis. These two philosophers examine the distinction between civic relationship and interpersonal relations, between the civic relationship and the relations that men need. Their analyses lead us to think more accurately the foundation of civic link in light of the contemporary debates about human rights in precarious situation and the conflicts between care and justice.
Research Interests:
Moving from the hermeneutic assumption of ricoeurian philosophy, this essay investigates how thinking in medias res “and never at the beginning or at the end” allows for carrying out a reflection which stems from the manifold modalities... more
Moving from the hermeneutic assumption of ricoeurian philosophy, this essay investigates how thinking in medias res “and never at the beginning or at the end” allows for carrying out a reflection which stems from the manifold modalities of being in the world, and also allows for its transformation into word by that man capable of talking, acting, narrating himself, feeling responsible, whom Ricoeur is endlessly outlining in his work. This provides for the philosophy of deviations and crossings, which regulates thinking in view of the confrontation and dialogue with all positions – including those more distant from Ricoeur. From this perspective, despite the impossibility of reconciling philosophical and theological-religious thinking, Ricœur acknowledges the existence of “intersections” and exchanges, whereas the latter may give the former “to think”. So it is for the meditation on Jesus’ passion, death and resurrection in an anti-sacrificial perspective. In this case, Ricœur encounters the Johannine interpretation proposed by Xavier Léon-Dufour, whose essence is briefly resumed here. The philosophical proposal originating from it becomes ethical in Ricœur, himself presenting it as a “positive ethics of detachment”: the detachment from all post-mortem concerns for better focussing on the opportunity which Jesus’ death and resurrection offer, in the first place, to human action in the “communitarian diakonia”; in the second place, to the recovery of sense through looking “at the essence”.
Research Interests:
In the contemporary epoch, characterized by world wars, religious conflicts and economic crises, the respect of the otherness and the dignity of interpersonal relationships has come to be problematic. This essay highlights the possibility... more
In the contemporary epoch, characterized by world wars, religious conflicts and economic crises, the respect of the otherness and the dignity of interpersonal relationships has come to be problematic. This essay highlights the possibility of rethinking an authentic otherness relationship through the rediscovery of a figure of freedom: the meta-conflicting freedom. The main references are Lévinas' and Ricœur's works, with a particular focus on Totality and Infinity and The Course of Recognition. The possibility of peace is open but not automatically ensured.
Research Interests:
This paper takes Ricoeur’s position that philosophy must be useful in the real world. With this core assumption, the focus is upon consideration of political languages in this age of extremes and then, briefly, of religious identities in... more
This paper takes Ricoeur’s position that philosophy must be useful in the real world. With this core assumption, the focus is upon consideration of political languages in this age of extremes and then, briefly, of religious identities in this age of demanding recognition. Each phenomenon - political languages and religious identities – can be seen as condensed into the negative and artificially exaggerated polarities between secularism and Islamism and a powerful inductive fallacy. Moreover, academic researchers are under pressure because research is more politicised than ever before. Ricoeur’s writings about language and violence and secularism can help researchers to attain clarity. His early unpublished work on negation is particularly useful for analysing the ideological polarization that appears to have been effected between certain belief systems. This early work also helps to explain human tendencies towards a ubiquitous calculus of negation that must be addressed.
Research Interests:
This paper suggests an interpretation of crisis and conflict from the point of view of images, they play such an important role in the contemporary world. This thesis will be discussed in three steps. In the first one I develop a short... more
This paper suggests an interpretation of crisis and conflict from the point of view of images, they play such an important role in the contemporary world. This thesis will be discussed in three steps. In the first one I develop a short semantic introduction, not pretending to be systematic, rather intending to “take a walk” through the concept of crisis in order to follow the trajectory that links it to the idea of conflict, through the concept of critic. In the second part, I talk about the crisis and the conflict that opposed two different concepts of image in byzantine iconoclasm, during the eighth century. Finally, I attempt to apply Ricoeur’s essay L’herméneutique du témoignage to the problem of the critic of the images. How can Ricoeur’s hermeneutic of witness contribute to the critic and to the distinction of the images in the contemporary world?
Research Interests:
As Ricoeur’s own discussions reflected, contemporary political theory has typically assumed dichotomous positions between political liberals, who assume that individuals are in a position of otherness to one another, and communitarians,... more
As Ricoeur’s own discussions reflected, contemporary political theory has typically assumed dichotomous positions between political liberals, who assume that individuals are in a position of otherness to one another, and communitarians, who assume that individuals are at bottom the same. Rather than develop Ricoeur’s own response to this dichotomy, this paper draws on Ricoeur’s work in the philosophy of language – in particular, his work on metaphor – to argue that this dichotomy can be mediated. Beyond the dichotomy between the other as other or as the same, metaphor offers the possibility of the relation between self and other as one of “resemblance,” of similarity across difference. Metaphor also offers the prospect of creating resemblance, of finding similarity despite an initial situation of distance. Metaphor resists relativism or simple pluralism, as metaphor has a vertical dimension, a tie to basic ontological understandings that at the same time, in their metaphoricity, require humility in interpretation. The paper here seeks to develop Ricoeur’s cryptic remarks on the basic “metaphoric” that may be “at the root of all classification.” The paper will argue for a reformulation of the just and illustrate its thesis on the basis of contemporary political examples drawn particularly from the United States.
Research Interests:
This paper deals about the articulation of the theories of text and action in Paul Ricœur’s theory of narration. Passing throughout his lecture of Aristotle’s Poetics, in particular his reception of the notions of mimesis and mythos... more
This paper deals about the articulation of the theories of text and action in Paul Ricœur’s theory of narration. Passing throughout his lecture of Aristotle’s Poetics, in particular his reception of the notions of mimesis and mythos (which converge in Ricœur’s notion of plot) we will show how the distinction of three levels of the Aristotelian notion of mimesis (I, II, III) can explain the construction of sense in narrative texts. In this reflection on the articulation of text and action, Ricœur’s theory of narration meets the narrative and generative semiotics proposed by Algirdas J. Greimas. The concept of transformation in their reflection on narration is the presupposed reason of this encounter. Finally, we will show how and why their theories of narration converge or diverge.
Research Interests:
Throughout the history of Western thinking, a way to relate language to being, founded on the duality between language and reality, subject and object, has emerged. On the basis of this duality, language was conceived as a means to... more
Throughout the history of Western thinking, a way to relate language to being, founded on the duality between language and reality, subject and object, has emerged. On the basis of this duality, language was conceived as a means to describe, indicate and represent reality. By breaking with this point of view, Paul Ricoeur sought new linguistic strategies and ways to express reality through the analysis of poetic language. He based this possibility on the idea of the hermeneutic circle in the ontological sense. Thus, there is no duality between language and being, but rather a strict affinity. In this paper, my aim is to retrace and explain the fundamental theoretical aspects of the different linguistic strategies which can be established with reality according to Ricoeur. Therefore, I intend to demonstrate that the notions of “truth”, “being” and “reality” change according to the linguistic strategy adopted to express being. Thus, I will attempt to show that the perspective of reality and truth emerging from the potential of poetic language have consequences on man’s ethical level.
Research Interests:
This article aims to investigate the dialectical tension between the symbol and the cogito in the role Ricoeur attributes to them: the beginning of philosophizing. This approach also reveals the complex dynamic interplay which occurs... more
This article aims to investigate the dialectical tension between the symbol and the cogito in the role Ricoeur attributes to them: the beginning of philosophizing. This approach also reveals the complex dynamic interplay which occurs between two philosophical viewpoints: hermeneutics and reflection. Their dialogue creates a horizon which can host the aporia of this dual beginning. This complex dialectical interplay which develops between the symbol and the cogito can be read as a hermeneutic circle capable of generating meaning. However, it is a new kind of hermeneutic circle, with two actors who derive meaning from each other and who find their ultimate meaning in each other. The cogito and the symbol are the two poles of a magnetic field capable of generating lines of force which keep them in constant connection but also in perennial reciprocal tension. Ricoeur's hermeneutics consists in the study of metaphor and narrative text, and his reflection must respond to the challenge to the cogito posed by the so called masters of suspicion. In the end a new concept of identity is inspired by this double movement: the narrative identity.
Research Interests:
One of the main effects of the digital revolution is the strengthening of the trend towards personalization of mass media. Because of the miniaturization of hardware devices and the proliferation of mobile connections, virtual... more
One of the main effects of the digital revolution is the strengthening of the trend towards personalization of mass media. Because of the miniaturization of hardware devices and the proliferation of mobile connections, virtual transcription and telematics sharing of personal biographies are central today. As a result, the impact on the concept of privacy is inevitable: in an era in which the primacy of the subject is reflected in the exhibition of stripped digital self, the concept is completely renewed.
Research Interests:
This essay aims to underline the connection between art, autobiography writing and cinema in the light of an enigmatic and infinitive narration. Narrative and fiction become media to show, create and reflect about our sights on reality... more
This essay aims to underline the connection between art, autobiography writing and cinema in the light of an enigmatic and infinitive narration. Narrative and fiction become media to show, create and reflect about our sights on reality and knowledge. Throught (audio)visual and written texts it’s possible to use an instrument for a philosophical inquiry about different methods of knowledge’ building and self-education. This allows to show the relational, compositive, analytical and synthetical style, observing it through the work of the philosophy of storytelling. Everyone has its own exquisitely personal “coherent deformation” and writing art helps - being one of the elected way to accompany the dynamic behavior of our imagination (not just through films and art) - the plastic thought, the hypothetical forms, and all that is potential. Autobiography is a method to learn the aesthetic of the unfinished.
Research Interests:
Facing the impossible balance between the autobiography register and cinema, the latter has significantly expanded the autobiographic spectrum to make the thematic of the «I» its own and adapt it to the big screen. Guy Maddin is a... more
Facing the impossible balance between the autobiography register and cinema, the latter has significantly expanded the autobiographic spectrum to make the thematic of the «I» its own and adapt it to the big screen. Guy Maddin is a particular case. His cinematographic artwork, half-way between experimental and narrative cinema, addresses in a diverted way the different levels of Maddin’s life. The expression of the «I» and also its representations are multiplied, in a diegetic world which oscillates between the fantastic, the exact opposite of the autobiographic standards, and the restitution of memories. This article proposes a study of the methods, as much narrative as aesthetic, of this evocation of the «I» in cinema, through the example of the movie "Cowards Bend The Knee".
Research Interests:
I have tried in this contribution to develop a possible meeting-point between the philosophical method of Sartre and the procedure of autobiographical constructivism, where one is existentially incarnated in the act of narration and... more
I have tried in this contribution to develop a possible meeting-point between the philosophical method of Sartre and the procedure of autobiographical constructivism, where one is existentially incarnated in the act of narration and especially in writing of the self. The link discovered has led to a consideration of the act of writing in adult age as an act of self-care, though always with a problematically attentive eye.
Research Interests:
This essay aims at exploring autobiography in the light of the opposition between individual and person. The autobiographical exercise is a pedagogical tool and philosophical object, necessary to create self-subjectivity and to give a... more
This essay aims at exploring autobiography in the light of the opposition between individual and person. The autobiographical exercise is a pedagogical tool and philosophical object, necessary to create self-subjectivity and to give a meaning to the existence of an individual.
Research Interests:
Sarah Kofman (1934-1994) has been one of the most brilliant French philosophers of her generation. She was a highly acclaimed interpreter of Freud and Nietzsche and published more than 30 books and many articles on art, psychoanalysis,... more
Sarah Kofman (1934-1994) has been one of the most brilliant French philosophers of her generation. She was a highly acclaimed interpreter of Freud and Nietzsche and published more than 30 books and many articles on art, psychoanalysis, literature and the philosophical tradition from Socrates to Derrida. She was reknown for her independent thought, her humorous nature, feminist stance and her ability in drawing and painting. She often lectured in the United States and Switzerland and her books have been translated in several languages. She studied with Hyppolite and Deleuze, and taught at the Sorbonne University in Paris from 1970 onwards. She was close to Derrida, Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe, and worked with them for 20 years creating an important editorial series – «Philosophie en effet», for the Galilée publisher. She was a child under the Vichy régime in Paris; her father – a rabbi of Polish origins - was deported and died in Auschwitz, her 5 brothers and sisters were dispersed in various refuges in the countryside, while Sarah and her mother spent the years of the nazi occupation in hiding. She wrote on this tragic infancy in her last book – Rue Ordener, rue Labat; soon after the publication of the book she committed suicide.
Research Interests:
«There is no divorce between philosophy and life», writes Beauvoir in 1948. What can be developed from this assessment according to Beauvoir’s, as a woman’s, work? The first answer is the most well known: a woman is condemned to... more
«There is no divorce between philosophy and life», writes Beauvoir in 1948. What can be developed from this assessment according to Beauvoir’s, as a woman’s, work? The first answer is the most well known: a woman is condemned to particularity, universality being accessible to men only. The way out of this destiny cannot be given by a mere historical becoming: nowadays women are equal and have now equal opportunities. Following Beauvoir’s writings another path can be opened, the one asking for a revision of the philosophical Canon, of the style of thinking, beyond the differences among genres – biographical, fictional and theoretical.
Research Interests:
The present article analyzes the relationship between literary works and diary-writing in Virginia Woolf. The comparison between Woolf’s Diary and her romances Mrs. Dalloway and The Waves shows a distinguishing characteristic of Modernist... more
The present article analyzes the relationship between literary works and diary-writing in Virginia Woolf. The comparison between Woolf’s Diary and her romances Mrs. Dalloway and The Waves shows a distinguishing characteristic of Modernist Literature, i.e. the representation of the Self as Another (“Je est un Autre”, according to the famous Arthur Rimbaud’s sentence). In Woolf’s writings we observe a meaningful exchange of functionality: her Diary is focused on literary questions in lieu of personal facts, as well as her literary works reveal intimate memories of writer’s personal life. The Modernist styleme of the ego-dissimulation presents in Virginia Woolf a mystical and tragic value, for which the self’s experience is comprehensible, perceptible and real only in the light of subject’s absence.
Research Interests:
Starting from Peter Sloterdijk’s writings, Literatur und Lebenserfahrung and Zeilen und Tagen, autobiography could be defined as an antropotechnique and then a cultural technique. This essay investigates formal features and feedback... more
Starting from Peter Sloterdijk’s writings, Literatur und Lebenserfahrung and Zeilen und Tagen, autobiography could be defined as an antropotechnique and then a cultural technique. This essay investigates formal features and feedback effects on the subject who writes his own story.
Research Interests:
The paper inquires the co-implications between autobiographism and deconstruction in Derrida’s philosophy. By suggesting that Derrida’s autos may be the pivotal problem, the theoretical notion of writing (of) the autos will be introduced... more
The paper inquires the co-implications between autobiographism and deconstruction in Derrida’s philosophy. By suggesting that Derrida’s autos may be the pivotal problem, the theoretical notion of writing (of) the autos will be introduced and discussed as a feasible solution. Firstly, some main features both of Derrida’s theoretical conception of autobiography (seen as mainly auto-hetero-logical) and of Derrida’s autobiographical writing (seen namely in its existential quality) will be outlined, focusing on their impasses. Then, moving from the concept of autobiography as writing (of) life in Derrida’s L’animal que donc je suis and by an analysis of the automatisms in writing in Derrida’s work, writing (of) the autos will be argued as being the pre-subjective field where autos, automatism and writing may be interconnected. The hybrid morphology (between activity and passivity) of the writing (of) the autos will be finally shown in its potential consequences concerning Derrida’s approach to corporeity.
Research Interests:
The aim of this article is to enquire Ricoeur’s narrative identity from an analytical and critical point of view. Starting from "Soi même comme une autre", three major aspects are highlighted: the congruence between the concept of... more
The aim of this article is to enquire Ricoeur’s narrative identity from an analytical and critical point of view. Starting from "Soi même comme une autre", three major aspects are highlighted: the congruence between the concept of narrative unity of life and the practical function of hermeneutics in the intellectual autobiography; the narrative theory in "Temps et récit" and his connection to Aristotelian concept of time and poiesis; finally, the poetic creativity and the ethical limit of interpretation.
Research Interests:
On many occasions, Foucault said that writing is a transformative experience. This paper attempts to show that the implications of this statement are interwoven with a transformation of the thought and with a relation with truth. From... more
On many occasions, Foucault said that writing is a transformative experience. This paper attempts to show that the implications of this statement are interwoven with a transformation of the thought and with a relation with truth. From this, Foucault’s writing intends to make us sharers of this transformative experience, through what he called “experience-books”. However, this paper reveals that what Foucault points out through this experience is the very possibility of transformation of our present.
Research Interests:
This article aims to analyze the thought of Michel Foucault with respect to the technologies of self, the analysis of the processes of subjectification/objectification and the relationship between philosophy and writing. All this is... more
This article aims to analyze the thought of Michel Foucault with respect to the technologies of self, the analysis of the processes of subjectification/objectification and the relationship between philosophy and writing. All this is articulated through a key to understanding based on the reflection of Gilles Deleuze: the theory of ‘bending’. The explicit purpose is to show how the biographical experience of the French philosopher, marked by political and civil involvement, is closely related to the theoretical conception that makes philosophy and, more generally, writing an important instrument of liberation and of ‘resistance’.
Research Interests:
First italian translation of D. Langer, "Subjektbegriff und Selbstinszenierung in Ecce Homo", in Ead., "Wie man wird, was man schreibt. Sprache, Subjekt und Autobiographie bei Nietzsche und Barthes", München 2005. The text illustrates how... more
First italian translation of D. Langer, "Subjektbegriff und Selbstinszenierung in Ecce Homo", in Ead., "Wie man wird, was man schreibt. Sprache, Subjekt und Autobiographie bei Nietzsche und Barthes", München 2005. The text illustrates how the autobiographical self-construction in "Ecce Homo" is connected to Nietzsche’s critic of the subject.
Research Interests:
In the following paper it is maintained that Spencer’s main purpose in writing "An Autobiography" (1904) was to prove the conformity between his own intellectual biography and the general conception of evolution set out in his "System of... more
In the following paper it is maintained that Spencer’s main purpose in writing "An Autobiography" (1904) was to prove the conformity between his own intellectual biography and the general conception of evolution set out in his "System of Synthetic Philosophy". It is documented how Spencer’s rhetorical strategy was to employ some embryological lexicon and to suggest the idea of an almost necessary development. Finally, it is suggested that in so doing Spencer inadvertently highlighted a fundamental difficulty of his own philosophy: the lack of an adequate distinction between an internalistic and externalistic account of evolutionary progress.
Research Interests:
"Vita di Giambattista Vico scritta da se medesimo" appeared in 1728. More than a recollection of his own life, Vico proposes a fable of himself, beginning with the change of his birth date. This essay illustrates the rhetorical and... more
"Vita di Giambattista Vico scritta da se medesimo" appeared in 1728. More than a recollection of his own life, Vico proposes a fable of himself, beginning with the change of his birth date. This essay illustrates the rhetorical and linguistic traits that characterize the construction of Vico’s narrative, the connection to his "New Science" and the presentation of himself as a modern Socrates. If the "New Science" is the autobiography of the human race, Vico’s autobiography is presented as a total human event, a cycle of three ages and providential events of fall and rise.
Research Interests:
This essay illustrates how Rousseau presented himself in his "Confessions" in a antithetic and a dissimulative logic: at the same time he is a philosopher, an adventurer, a charlatan and a liar.
Research Interests:
This essay highlights the self-construction of the subject in Augustine's "Confessions" and how his spiritual autobiography is connected, through the mirror of writing, to a narrative hermeneutics and conversion. In the "Confessions" we... more
This essay highlights the self-construction of the subject in Augustine's "Confessions" and how his spiritual autobiography is connected, through the mirror of writing, to a narrative hermeneutics and conversion. In the "Confessions" we can attend to a becoming of the subject in which narration and hermeneutics are joined in a indissoluble way. This subject is made up during his conversion by the intercession of the Alterity of God, the Forma omium throught which one can change itself in a forma formosa.
Research Interests:
Starting from her book "Per sentito dire. Conoscenza e testimonianza", Nicla Vassallo goes deeper in the relations between autobiography, testimony and personal responsibility, dealing with both social and epistemological matters.
Research Interests:
Carlo Sini deepens the interrelations between autobiography and philosophy, pointing out some crucial features of his thought. In the interview, Sini goes through several problems such as the genealogical meaning of philosophical... more
Carlo Sini deepens the interrelations between autobiography and philosophy, pointing out some crucial features of his thought. In the interview, Sini goes through several problems such as the genealogical meaning of philosophical practice; the relationship between knowledge of signs, life and death; the problem of truth and its ethical consequences.
Research Interests:
Jean-Luc Nancy sketches some notes about the meaning and the value of autobiography in Jacques Derrida’s work. Nancy touches upon various problems (from an aesthetical and a theoretical point of view) concerning Derridean autobiographism... more
Jean-Luc Nancy sketches some notes about the meaning and the value of autobiography in Jacques Derrida’s work. Nancy touches upon various problems (from an aesthetical and a theoretical point of view) concerning Derridean autobiographism and its possible place within deconstructive paradigm. Between them: self-presentation, singular existence and physical intensity in writing.
Research Interests:
First italian translation of J. Derrida, "Interpreting Signatures (Nietzsche/Heidegger): two questions". This lecture was given in a conference with Hans-Georg Gadamer organized in 1981 at the Goethe Institute in Paris. Precisely through... more
First italian translation of J. Derrida, "Interpreting Signatures (Nietzsche/Heidegger): two questions". This lecture was given in a conference with Hans-Georg Gadamer organized in 1981 at the Goethe Institute in Paris. Precisely through the theme of signature, Derrida deconstructs not only the unity of Heidegger’s interpretation of Nietzsche but even the unifying logic of Western metaphysics.
Research Interests:
In January 1667 Claude Perrault submitted to the Académie royale des sciences of Paris a Projet pour les expériences et observations anatomiques, preamble to the Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire naturelle des animaux (1671-1676) and to... more
In January 1667 Claude Perrault submitted to the Académie royale des sciences of Paris a Projet pour les expériences et observations anatomiques, preamble to the Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire naturelle des animaux (1671-1676) and to the Essais de physique (1680-1688), aiming at a radical methodological renewal of physiology and comparative anatomy, based on clear distinction between “facts” and “hypotheses”. By acknowledging a causal role of the soul in the functional regulation of all life processes, Perrault frees himself from the Cartesian hypothesis of living automata...
Research Interests:
The anthropological ideal of man as "homo faber" defined by the French philosopher and pilgrim Charles de Bovelles (1479-1567) constitutes an original and relevant moment in the development of the modern conception of interiority.... more
The anthropological ideal of man as "homo faber" defined by the French philosopher and pilgrim Charles de Bovelles (1479-1567) constitutes an original and relevant moment in the development of the modern conception of interiority. Following in the footsteps of Marsilio Ficino, Nicholas of Kues and his mentor Lefèvre d’Etaples, Bovelles deepens the neoplatonic conception of microcosmus and theorizes a definition of sapientia as a real knowledge of the human essence. In his thought is originally described a notion of personal ego as an image of divine truth. Charles de Bovelles represents an intriguing example of the new reflection on human personality...
Research Interests:
From its foundation by St. Ignatius in 1540 and linked to its educational work, the Society of Jesus has maintained a continuous and institutional involvement in the natural sciences unparalleled by any other religious order in the... more
From its foundation by St. Ignatius in 1540 and linked to its educational work, the Society of Jesus has maintained a continuous and institutional involvement in the natural sciences unparalleled by any other religious order in the Catholic Church. Because its foundation coincided with the beginning of modern science and the educational work in colleges and universities, mathematical and experimental science was soon introduced in their programs. Thus the Jesuit scientific tradition was established. This tradition can be explained by the characteristics of Jesuit or Ignatian spirituality...
Research Interests:
Giacomo Scarpelli has got the leading role in this interview, based on his book Ingegni e congegni. Sentieri incrociati di filosofia e scienza, published by Storia e Letteratura in 2011. The autor dialogues with several authorities in... more
Giacomo Scarpelli has got the leading role in this interview, based on his book Ingegni e congegni. Sentieri incrociati di filosofia e scienza, published by Storia e Letteratura in 2011. The autor dialogues with several authorities in science, litterature and philosophy, but we are just going to delve into his cues about the idea of theatrum mundi, sign, and direct human operation on reality.
Research Interests:
As several contemporary scholars already pointed out, the reduction of the Medieval "internal senses" to only one internal sense, usually identified with imagination, was one of the trends which most evidently characterize the... more
As several contemporary scholars already pointed out, the reduction of the Medieval "internal senses" to only one internal sense, usually identified with imagination, was one of the trends which most evidently characterize the early-modern philosophical psychology. But this trend was not universally widespread and met some puzzling inner difficulties. On the first side, one can find some pieces of Medieval accounts on inner senses even in typically modern contexts such as showed by the persistence of the "estimative power" in some of the early-modern doctrines of human passions. On the other side, even full-blooded "reductionists" often were...
Research Interests:
The theoreticians of peinture in early modern period, Lodovico Dolce, Roger Piles and Félibien, distinguish this art in three kind of clump: invenction (or composition), drawing and colouring. This sort of partition on its part is yet... more
The theoreticians of peinture in early modern period, Lodovico Dolce, Roger Piles and Félibien, distinguish this art in three kind of clump: invenction (or composition), drawing and colouring. This sort of partition on its part is yet based on the preliminar basic division between theory (conception) and practice (composition) on the one hand, and realisation (drawing and colouring). If the distinction between drawing and colouring does not effects the theory, maybe we can suppose a petito principii deriving from materialistical thesis: it totally excludes indeed the initial conception to demonstrate its absence or uselessness. The aim of my article is to show...
Research Interests:
The Sigillus sigillorum (London 1583), even if conceived as part a of a trypthic about mnemotechnical art, is a work of Giordano Bruno that reveals an indipendent teorethical worthiness. Its genesis and composition is a typicall... more
The Sigillus sigillorum (London 1583), even if conceived as part a of a trypthic about mnemotechnical art, is a work of Giordano Bruno that reveals an indipendent teorethical worthiness. Its genesis and composition is a typicall expression of Bruno's peregrinatio, that is the art to gain the core concepts of its revolutionay philosophy proceeding from memory. The Sigillus sigillorum develops a comparaison with the theories of Marsilio Ficino towards the faculties of the soul, the connection between soul and body, and generally about knowledge means. In this work, basing his though about organical relationship between phantasy, memory and intellect...
Research Interests:
The paper discusses some aspects of Spinoza’s psychology as they are presented in the second part of the Ethica, considering their relation to the ontology of causality presented in the first part. The mind appears then as a determination... more
The paper discusses some aspects of Spinoza’s psychology as they are presented in the second part of the Ethica, considering their relation to the ontology of causality presented in the first part. The mind appears then as a determination of the activity of the universal thought, to which corresponds a determination of the motion (the body), which expresses the same causal aptitude. If thought is ideal causation, all kinds of knowledge express the power of the mind in a necessary way: the relation between imagination and intellection is therefore not a simple opposition between inadequateness and adequateness; besides, knowledge...
Research Interests:
Current research in neuroscience suggests that music can have a profound effect on brain function, in particular a therapeutic one in cases of brain injury or neurological disorders. This article proposes that some early modern... more
Current research in neuroscience suggests that music can have a profound effect on brain function, in particular a therapeutic one in cases of brain injury or neurological disorders. This article proposes that some early modern philosophers were open to the possibility of "magic" in the sense that music and its effect on the emotions was seen as a potential cure for many ills, mental disorders in particular. This period does, after all, see the beginning of sustained interest in melancholy and related disorders. This essay offers the example of Michael Maier, court alchemist to Rudolph II of Prague and to other European leaders...
Research Interests:
Stories of the maternal imagination, imprinting images on the fetus or deforming it, were commonplace in the early modern period. The recent secondary literature has discussed theories of the maternal imagination in relation to animal... more
Stories of the maternal imagination, imprinting images on the fetus or deforming it, were commonplace in the early modern period. The recent secondary literature has discussed theories of the maternal imagination in relation to animal generation and heredity, but has ignored the broader context of theories of the powerful imagination. In this article, I will show how a curious story about a cherry, imprinted on the skin of a fetus, was used by the Neo-Platonist philosopher Henry More as an occasion to explore stronger powers of the imagination, which could act outside the body. On the one hand, theories of a powerful imagination, as advocated by Pomponazzi...
Research Interests:
The article aims at giving some lines of thought concerning the action at a distance from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. It suggests a typology of actions at a distance depending on whether the mover and that which is moved are... more
The article aims at giving some lines of thought concerning the action at a distance from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. It suggests a typology of actions at a distance depending on whether the mover and that which is moved are souls, inanimate bodies or animate bodies. But a fundamental distinction must also be taken into account: between an action at a distance in the strict sense (i.e. without any medium) and that which can be understood in a broader sense. Several medieval explanations are set out and the implications of the new Renaissance frameworks are addressed (e.g. the animistic models of action). The article ends with an approach...
Research Interests:
This paper starts with a discussion of Aristotle's akrasia, or "weakness of will" in the Reformation period. The discussion is then connected with the cultural distinction between "gifts and sales", arguing that Martin Luther employs... more
This paper starts with a discussion of Aristotle's akrasia, or "weakness of will" in the Reformation period. The discussion is then connected with the cultural distinction between "gifts and sales", arguing that Martin Luther employs theological concepts as prominent examples of the so-called "gift mode". Finally, the issue of "appropriation" (Aneignung) is addressed: if grace is pure gift and as such not dependant on the efforts of human will, how can Protestants claim that they participate in the realm of grace?
Research Interests:
From the very first Christianity to the Concilium of Trento, the regularization of confession crosses centuries of arguments and controversies. Its determination proceeds at the same time with the confessor's figure, who had a very... more
From the very first Christianity to the Concilium of Trento, the regularization of confession crosses centuries of arguments and controversies. Its determination proceeds at the same time with the confessor's figure, who had a very professional and specialized tasks, and with the idea of poenitentia. It is in this extremely confused context that the revolution of Ignazio from Loyola will be decisive: once detached from the generical practice's shape it had, the confession will become the syntex of a self-examination and self-decovering path.
Research Interests:
The exploration of the 17th century outside from the cartesian's perspective (that is, far from the invention of the subjectivity), allows analysing it by an apparently opposed feature: the role of silence. In this article I will follow... more
The exploration of the 17th century outside from the cartesian's perspective (that is, far from the invention of the subjectivity), allows analysing it by an apparently opposed feature: the role of silence. In this article I will follow some guiding questions about the relationship between silence, inner identity and theology. Through the direct reading of originals texts, I will try to show how the silence – once “regulated”- came away from the individual, becoming the “place” where men could meet the Verbum Dei, and how it will be interpreted as one of the most effective knowledge-tool not only in the prayers, but in philosophy too.
Research Interests:
Teresa of Avila's emphasis on humility, grounded in bodily finitude, is well known and much discussed. This paper argues that it is essential to her epistemology, first as a way of avoiding overconfidence in uncertain knowledge, and... more
Teresa of Avila's emphasis on humility, grounded in bodily finitude, is well known and much discussed. This paper argues that it is essential to her epistemology, first as a way of avoiding overconfidence in uncertain knowledge, and second as a reminder to trust in true knowledge; i.e., knowledge that comes from God. That this emphasis has genuine epistemological and not just religious value is demonstrated by close parallels in the epistemology of early modern philosopher Rene Descartes, for whom we can only find truth by restraining the will to rush to assertion.
Research Interests:
This article attempts to delineate the history of the monstruos by recognizing inside it the manifestation of severance between the contingent and the trascendent world. The monster embodies the boundary of the everlasting paradox of... more
This article attempts to delineate the history of the monstruos by recognizing inside it the manifestation of severance between the contingent and the trascendent world. The monster embodies the boundary of the everlasting paradox of human existence, in the balance between the desire of knowing and the impossibility of drawing completely on knowledge.
Research Interests:
This contribution to the contemporary figure of monstrosity looks for a common feature that may characterize and explain what we recognize as monster in the West. The article takes into account the rebel robot that must be destroyed... more
This contribution to the contemporary figure of monstrosity looks for a common feature that may characterize and explain what we recognize as monster in the West. The article takes into account the rebel robot that must be destroyed because it threatens humanity: prevailing in the imaginary of popular culture, this story is the resumption of the myth of the Golem, endlessly reproduced in novels and movies, since Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. The Golem, intelligent and humanoid creature is monstrous because it lacks a soul, a spiritual and transcendental principle that defines human being...
Research Interests:
The Quart livre of Rabelais is marked by the variety of monsters and at the same time by the way they are represented ie, their description. Our study observes the modality of fictional workings, and fictional monsters, among which... more
The Quart livre of Rabelais is marked by the variety of monsters and at the same time by the way they are represented ie, their description. Our study observes the modality of fictional workings, and fictional monsters, among which Bringuenarilles (Chapter XVII) is an example of an "impossible" monster.
Research Interests:
This paper looks at John Florio’s comments on translation — especially in the Epistle Dedicatorie and To the Curteous Reader of his 1603 translation of Montaigne’s Essayes — and examines the extent to which Florio conceived of translation... more
This paper looks at John Florio’s comments on translation — especially in the Epistle Dedicatorie and To the Curteous Reader of his 1603 translation of Montaigne’s Essayes — and examines the extent to which Florio conceived of translation as a monstrous birth of knowledge. Crucial to this exploration are a remark of Florio’s friend Giordano Bruno that claimed science, or knowledge, was the offspring of translation; Florio’s definition of "móstro" from his 1598 Italian-English dictionary A Worlde of Wordes; and some of Montaigne’s remarks about the multiplicity and hybridity of both the essay...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
At the end of the Eighteenth century, anatomists aimed at detaching themselves from a mere classifying and descriptive approach to establish a philosophic science studying form patterns and relationships. Organic forms can either be part... more
At the end of the Eighteenth century, anatomists aimed at detaching themselves from a mere classifying and descriptive approach to establish a philosophic science studying form patterns and relationships. Organic forms can either be part of a research program, grounded on how their components coordinate and are related from a functionalist perspective, as Cuvier maintained, or explained by placing them within a pattern, a single framework of organization (unity of composition), as it is for Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. These positions came to a clash in 1830, resulting in what...
Research Interests:
The theme of monsters crosses all ages and survives through the centuries, provoking questions in such diverse fields as physiology, medecine, philosophy and even morality. If examples of vegetals with remarquable structures have been... more
The theme of monsters crosses all ages and survives through the centuries, provoking questions in such diverse fields as physiology, medecine, philosophy and even morality. If examples of vegetals with remarquable structures have been many times related by naturalists since antiquity, thus contradicting the monotony of the development cycles, it is nonetheless the human monster which attracts all the attention, either hostile or curious. From the point of view of disciplines such as medecine or chemistry, the 18th century often appears as a transition century...
Research Interests:
Campanella’s reflection about teratology goes through some of the main issues in his thought and more in general the philosophical debate of his time: the controversial about the human generation ex purefatio, the organic and functional... more
Campanella’s reflection about teratology goes through some of the main issues in his thought and more in general the philosophical debate of his time: the controversial about the human generation ex purefatio, the organic and functional distinction man-woman, the theory of imagination, the moral responsibility and the contra natura sin, the possibility of creating artificial life. Especially, and this is the essential point for Campanella, this theme regards the heart of the theological anthropology, questioning the very concept of humanity...
Research Interests:
According to one of the most influential definitions, formulated by Michel Foucault in his Les anormaux, the monster is, since the Middle Ages, a violation of a “bio-juridical” order. In critically discussing the historical plausibility... more
According to one of the most influential definitions, formulated by Michel Foucault in his Les anormaux, the monster is, since the Middle Ages, a violation of a “bio-juridical” order. In critically discussing the historical plausibility of this claim this article explores medical and philosophical conceptions of monsters between medieval and early modern period, addressing in particular the matter of the relationships between first and second causes in nature's errors. The main authors dealt with are Thomas Aquinas, Ambroise Paré, Francisco Toledo and Fortunio Liceti. What emerges is that up to the 17th century...
Research Interests:
Images of magical evil populate community festivals in various European countries, especially Spain. There, ritualized images of demons, devils, ogres, deformed animals and so on are rife in village fetes. Symbolizing evil and horror,... more
Images of magical evil populate community festivals in various European countries, especially Spain. There, ritualized images of demons, devils, ogres, deformed animals and so on are rife in village fetes. Symbolizing evil and horror, monster effigies perform burlesque aggressions in the streets before they are killed off in typical Christian morality plays. This paper describes some of these representations in rural Spain and goes on to interpret the monster vs. man narrative from an ethnological and a psychological viewpoint, utilizing a model of “redemptive violence”.
Research Interests:
This essay attempts to draw connections between medieval maps and their many monsters, digital cartographical interfaces, and modern experiences of the world. Each impacts our understandings of the others. The medieval notion of speculum... more
This essay attempts to draw connections between medieval maps and their many monsters, digital cartographical interfaces, and modern experiences of the world. Each impacts our understandings of the others. The medieval notion of speculum - the metaphorical mirror that allows us to see our worlds and ourselves more clearly - draws attention to the very process of spectatorship. The modern notion of "telesthesia" (perception at a distance) borrowed from Cultural Studies, becomes a unifying discourse, allowing us to bridge the gap between medieval and modern, East and West, us and them, viewer and monster.
Research Interests:
Monsters in the Middle Ages assumed significant epistemological functions, providing an image of the complete 'other' in the human quest for the self. Since late antiquity teratology played a big role in literature, art, philosophy, and... more
Monsters in the Middle Ages assumed significant epistemological functions, providing an image of the complete 'other' in the human quest for the self. Since late antiquity teratology played a big role in literature, art, philosophy, and religion, but meaning and relevance of monsters changed from author to author (the same applies to their visual representation). This article provides an overview of how the image of the monster changed throughout times and how individual writers evaluated them.
Research Interests:
In this paper I consider Lacan’s reading and interpretation of St. Paul’s Letter to the Romans (7,7), as we can find it in Lacan’s Seminar about The Ethics of Psychoanalysis. Here Lacan introduces the expression Das Ding in place of the... more
In this paper I consider Lacan’s reading and interpretation of St. Paul’s Letter to the Romans (7,7), as we can find it in Lacan’s Seminar about The Ethics of Psychoanalysis. Here Lacan introduces the expression Das Ding in place of the original word, “sin”. We have to think very well about this replacement done by Lacan, and its meaning for the “ethics of psychoanalysis”
Research Interests:
The basic assumption of my paper is that religious ethics deriving from the covenant between God and the chosen people is an etheronomic one and that, more in general, every theory affirming an etheronomic motivation for those actions,... more
The basic assumption of my paper is that religious ethics deriving from the covenant between God and the chosen people is an etheronomic one and that, more in general, every theory affirming an etheronomic motivation for those actions, that have to be relevant from a moral point of view, belongs to the etheronomic kind of ethics. Starting from this assumption, I try to determine, which theoretical resources religious ethics can count on.
Research Interests:
Referring to Paul Ricoeur’s philosophy, I try in this paper to examine Jonas’ principle of responsibility in order to free the concept from its semantic overdetermination and its boundless expansive logics, which characterizes current... more
Referring to Paul Ricoeur’s philosophy, I try in this paper to examine Jonas’ principle of responsibility in order to free the concept from its semantic overdetermination and its boundless expansive logics, which characterizes current definition of responsibility. With the help of Ricoeur’s categories, I focus on the concepts of personal identity and responsiveness: they underline responsibility as a stratified and open-ended task, that can only be performed on different levels of personal engagement.
Research Interests:
In my essay I consider the different meanings of “truth” and “sincerity” in Italian civil code, starting from the question of the obligation to the truth of the parties involved in a civil process, which had a complex history of... more
In my essay I consider the different meanings of “truth” and “sincerity” in Italian civil code, starting from the question of the obligation to the truth of the parties involved in a civil process, which had a complex history of interpretation and amendment. My aim is to determine if it is possible to find a matter of ethics and responsibility in our civil code.
Research Interests:
In this paper I suggest the possibility of rethinking feminism beyond a substantialized gender distinction. In current economic system is the body active as well as passive subject of consume. This means that also our sexual choices... more
In this paper I suggest the possibility of rethinking feminism beyond a substantialized gender distinction. In current economic system is the body active as well as passive subject of consume. This means that also our sexual choices involve an ethical significance: we have to refuse the concept of unindifferentiated gender as an excuse of capitalism to renew the commodification of (female) body
Research Interests:
My aim in this paper is to consider some cases of moral responsibility, that are particularly clear and revealing in relation to some dramatic events in recent history and news items. The way facts and events are described by press and... more
My aim in this paper is to consider some cases of moral responsibility, that are particularly clear and revealing in relation to some dramatic events in recent history and news items. The way facts and events are described by press and information agencies is not neutral nor even lacking of consequences: it can clash against the principle of freedom of expression and open a moral and political dilemma, because it can have influence on historical processes and can reduce social moral claims. An example for this is the affair of the comic strip against Mohammed published by Danish journal “Jilland Posten” in 2005.
Research Interests:
The problem of sustainable development represents one of the most important challenges of our time. It immediatly points out the significance that a responsible behaviour gains in everyday life, since we are now completely responsible for... more
The problem of sustainable development represents one of the most important challenges of our time. It immediatly points out the significance that a responsible behaviour gains in everyday life, since we are now completely responsible for the environmental protection. One of the main problems is that of information excess and confusion in popular science. In this paper I try to show this set of problems, referring to Max Weber’s vocabulary and concepts.
Research Interests:
In this paper I examine the concept of human practical ethics referring to the problem of the vacation of instincts in human beeings. Moral laws and prescriptions can be seen as the surrogates of instincts, and they can be studied in... more
In this paper I examine the concept of human practical ethics referring to the problem of the vacation of instincts in human beeings. Moral laws and prescriptions can be seen as the surrogates of instincts, and they can be studied in relation to the rest of animal kingdom. From such a point of view, the nexus between nature and culture needs to be put in the middle and examined with the help of genetics.
Research Interests:
My attempt in this essay is to ask where and which are the limits of human manipulative power on nature: do we have to establish these limits a priori or it is better to derive them by practice? However, two solutions appear equally... more
My attempt in this essay is to ask where and which are the limits of human manipulative power on nature: do we have to establish these limits a priori or it is better to derive them by practice? However, two solutions appear equally unacceptable: the Prometheic one, inspired by triumphant scientism, and the primitivistic one as well, opposing to scientific progress. I will refer to Hans Jonas’ philosophy to show that only on the hard way of an ethics of responsibility it becomes possible to find an appropriate solution to those questions.
Research Interests:
My aim in this paper is to suggest a new kind of moral responsibility in order to face the challenges of current practical ethics. I will not consider all the ontological and metaphisical problems nor the legal implications of... more
My aim in this paper is to suggest a new kind of moral responsibility in order to face the challenges of current practical ethics. I will not consider all the ontological and metaphisical problems nor the legal implications of responsibility, but will focus on the level of individual responsibility in context of the interpersonal and public relations, where the matter is giving (and asking) moral reasons for actions. The main problems arising from such a point of view are related, as I will show, to bioethics, social justice and climate change.
Research Interests:
In this paper I will provide an analytical and interpretive reading of Hans Jonas’ masterpiece Das Prinzip Verantwortung, with particular reference to its first seven paragraphs, in order to show how the ontological roots of Jonas’... more
In this paper I will provide an analytical and interpretive reading of Hans Jonas’ masterpiece Das Prinzip Verantwortung, with particular reference to its first seven paragraphs, in order to show how the ontological roots of Jonas’ concept of responsibility allow a review of ethics beyond the purely subjective dimension, which is dominant in the tradition from Kant onwards. The objects themselves and nature as a whole become the moral referents in the era of technological civilization.
Research Interests:
In this interview Elio Matassi talks about his studies on musical theory and aesthetics, with particular reference to his theory of listening.
Research Interests:
Alessandro Ferrara is Professor of Political philosophy at Tor Vergata University, in Rome. He deals mainly with normative validity and Judgement. His recent publications include: The Force of the Example. Exploration in the Paradigm of... more
Alessandro Ferrara is Professor of Political philosophy at Tor Vergata University, in Rome. He deals mainly with normative validity and Judgement. His recent publications include: The Force of the Example. Exploration in the Paradigm of Judgement (Columbia University Press, 2008) and The Uses of Judgement (Special issue of "Philosophy and Social Criticism"). We interviewed him on the theme Liberalism and Democracy, with special attention to Normative validity, Kantian judgement and Community.
Research Interests:
Classical liberalism aimed to realize toleration among people with different religious beliefs. According to traditional liberals, religion operates freely within the domain of the private, whereas neutrality among the religions must... more
Classical liberalism aimed to realize toleration among people with different religious beliefs. According to traditional liberals, religion operates freely within the domain of the private, whereas neutrality among the religions must reign in the public domain.
Within contemporary liberalism, the relation between politics and religion is different from the traditional liberal one. For the contemporary liberal ethics of respect, the problem is not that religion threaten stability, but rather that we need a cement of society based on an universal, that is by religious and not religious persons, consensus in a pluralist society.
Research Interests:
In the last phase of his thought, Norberto Bobbio reflects on himself. A shift of his thought leads to reconsider his position, particularly in relation to the work of Benedetto Croce. The consequence of the change of point of view is the... more
In the last phase of his thought, Norberto Bobbio reflects on himself. A shift of his thought leads to reconsider his position, particularly in relation to the work of Benedetto Croce. The consequence of the change of point of view is the transformation of classical and political liberalism in a primarily ethic and cultural liberalism. This is not very different from that of Benedetto Croce, criticized in a first step.
Research Interests:
Romanticism is, in the thought of Isaiah Berlin, a lifestyle, an option to a pluralism that is not the same of relativism of values. In this sense, Romanticism is that way of life that can give rise to a democracy of compromise, based on... more
Romanticism is, in the thought of Isaiah Berlin, a lifestyle, an option to a pluralism that is not the same of relativism of values. In this sense, Romanticism is that way of life that can give rise to a democracy of compromise, based on a non-relativistic permeability of values. In Berlin?s thought, liberalism and democracy of compromise can be interpreted as the outcome of the enthusiasm of  the Romantics.
Research Interests:
The difference between philosophical and scientific theories is given by the principle of falsifiability. Unlike scientific theories, philosophical ones are not falsifiable, but we must consider that ethical standards and values are not... more
The difference between philosophical and scientific theories is given by the principle of  falsifiability. Unlike scientific theories, philosophical ones are not falsifiable, but we must consider that ethical standards and values are not equivalent, although all are equally understandable and evaluable. Plurality of positions doesn't mean relativism of values. This is the fundamental assumption to understand whether tolerance and democracy are possible for those who consider themselves in possession of absolute truths.
Research Interests:
My purpose here is to show the similarity between Tocqueville?s and Percy?s analysis of American disorientation, of a people confused by not knowing the whole truth about who they are and what they?re supposed to do. So my purpose is to... more
My purpose here is to show the similarity between Tocqueville?s and Percy?s analysis of American disorientation, of a people confused by not knowing the whole truth about who they are and what they?re supposed to do. So my purpose is to show that the seeds of American Thomism, at least, are already in Tocqueville?s two-volume Democracy in America (1835, 1840).
Research Interests:
This essay want to offer a overview on an interpretation of ethical-political Smith's thought which incorporates the results of the last phase of the studies about Smith. Smith is an anti-cartesian, an opponent of metaphysical systems and... more
This essay want to offer a overview on an interpretation of ethical-political Smith's thought which incorporates the results of the last phase of the studies about Smith. Smith is an anti-cartesian, an opponent of metaphysical systems and of theories that reduce the manifold to the too simple. He is a liberal in the sense of a normative ethics  that defend all the battles for liberty as a defence of justice and equality, but not in the sense of economic liberalism which emerged in England in the nineteenth-century
Research Interests:
Voltaire does not pretend to discover new ideas, he wants to give them life, to compare them, to share them with his readers. He compares himself with the authors of his time marking the point of agreement and disagreement. His thought... more
Voltaire does not pretend to discover new ideas, he wants to give them life, to compare them, to share them with his readers. He compares himself with the authors of his time marking the point of agreement and disagreement. His thought does not celebrate the triumphant reason, but marks her limits, thats why  she is increased of value. Essential is his refusal to bin himself to a single theory. In this conceptual horizon lies his conception of tolerance as a remedy for human weakness.
Research Interests:
John Locke is oft identified as the founder of the liberal tradition of political thought. His political writings must be seen as efforts to the issues of the age. To emphasize the relation between Locke's writings and his political... more
John Locke is oft identified as the founder of the liberal tradition of political thought. His political writings must be seen as efforts to the issues of the age. To emphasize the relation between Locke's writings and his political context is not to reduce those writings to being merely partisan statements with bearing only on the immediate situations. He attempted to speak to the political conflicts of his time by presenting the truth about politics and the political place of religion.
Research Interests:
Lo Sguardo – Journal of Philosophy, Call for Papers PHILOSOPHY AND RETHORIC - N. XVII, February 2015 The issue XVII (February 2015) will be dedicated to Philosophy and Rhetoric. There will be four different sections: 1) Rhetoric and... more
Lo Sguardo – Journal of Philosophy, Call for Papers
PHILOSOPHY AND RETHORIC - N. XVII, February 2015

The issue XVII (February 2015) will be dedicated to Philosophy and Rhetoric. There will be four different sections: 1) Rhetoric and the Truth of Word; 2) Figures of Thought: About Metaphor 3) Rhetoric and Psychoanalysis 4) Rhetoric and Politics: between Performativity and Subjectivation.     

Accepted languages: English, French, Italian, German, Spanish
Deadline for the delivery: January, 9th 2015
Send contribution to: redazione@losguardo.net
Research Interests:
Lo Sguardo – Rivista di Filosofia, Call for Papers FILOSOFIA E RETORICA, N. XVII, Febbraio 2015 Il numero XVII de Lo Sguardo sarà dedicato al rapporto tra Filosofia e Retorica e strutturato in 4 sezioni: 1) Retorica e verità; 2)... more
Lo Sguardo – Rivista di Filosofia, Call for Papers
FILOSOFIA E RETORICA, N. XVII, Febbraio 2015

Il numero XVII de Lo Sguardo sarà dedicato al rapporto tra Filosofia e Retorica e strutturato in 4 sezioni: 1) Retorica e verità; 2) Figure del pensiero: sul ruolo della metafora; 3) Retorica e psicanalisi; 4) Retorica e politica: tra performatività e soggettivazione.

Lingue accettate: Italiano, Inglese, Francese, Tedesco, Spagnolo
Deadline per la consegna: 9 gennaio 2015
Invio a: redazione@losguardo.net
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Il numero XI de Lo Sguardo verterà sul rapporto tra autobiografia, narrazione di sé ed ermeneutica del soggetto. Due le polarità concettuali intorno alle quali si svilupperà la rassegna. Da una parte, con una sezione dedicata a interventi... more
Il numero XI de Lo Sguardo verterà sul rapporto tra autobiografia, narrazione di sé ed ermeneutica del soggetto. Due le polarità concettuali intorno alle quali si svilupperà la rassegna. Da una parte, con una sezione dedicata a interventi di carattere teoretico, si tenterà di sottolineare il rapporto dinamico e dialettico che lega il soggetto auto-narrante con gli strumenti stessi – materiali e linguistici – della narrazione, evidenziando il nesso che lega questa narrazione stessa a una costituzione ermeneutica e un'articolazione interiore di sé. Dall'altra, con una sezione di interventi di carattere storico, si indagheranno le categorie filosofiche e linguistiche mediante le quali molti filosofi, nella storia del pensiero, hanno rappresentato sé stessi.
Research Interests:
The eleventh number of Lo Sguardo will focus on the relationship between autobiography, self-narrative and hermeneutics of the subject. The number will have two major conceptual pillars. On the one hand, a section focused on theoretical... more
The eleventh number of Lo Sguardo will focus on the relationship between autobiography, self-narrative and hermeneutics of the subject. The number will have two major conceptual pillars. On the one hand, a section focused on theoretical contributions. In this section, we aim at emphasizing the dynamic and dialectical relationship that links the subject (narrating himself) to the same tools of the narrative: material and language. More precisely, this section highlights the link between the narrative and the hermeneutic constitution and articulation of the inner self. On the other hand, another section of historical interventions aiming at investigating the philosophical and linguistic categories through which many philosophers represented themselves in the history of thought.
Research Interests:
This short essay will briefly review the reflections of Nicos Poulantzas in his book State, Power, Socialism (1978), focusing on the issue of intellectual work, understood as a practice of knowledge (science, organizational skills,... more
This short essay will briefly review the reflections of Nicos Poulantzas in his book State, Power, Socialism (1978), focusing on the issue of intellectual work, understood as a practice of knowledge (science, organizational skills, technical “know-how”), that inseparably accompanies the exercise of the power. This issue involves directly into question both the studies of Antonio Gramsci, on the figure of the intellectual, and the contributions on the analytics of the power, provided by Michel Foucault in the late 70s, to which Poulantzas himself refers. At the end of this writing we will try to draw conclusions to determine the role of the intellectual in the contemporary society, starting from the analysis of the examined thinkers, according to their theoretical coordinates.
Research Interests: